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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1108	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Otomops secundus	Otomops secundus	Otomops secundus	Otomops secundus	Otomops secundus	Otomops secundus	Otomops secundus	Otomops secundus	Otomops secundus	Otomops secundus	Otomops secundus	Otomops secundus	Otomops secundus	Otomops secundus	Otomops secundus		[MSW2] May be a subspecies of papuensis, according to the describer; see Hill (1983:197-198).; [MSW3] Distinct from papuensis; see Kitchener et al. (1992a). Also see Hill (1983), Flannery (1995a), and Bonaccorso (1998).; [HMW] Otomops secundus Hayman in Laurie, 1952, “Tapu, Upper Ramu River Plateau [Madang Province], NE. New Guinea [= Papua New Guinea ].” This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022] Distinct from papuensis ; see Kitchener et al. (1992 a ). Also see Hill (1983), Flannery (1995 a ), and Bonaccorso(1998).; [batnames2023] Distinct from papuensis ; see Kitchener et al. (1992 a ). Also see Hill (1983), Flannery (1995 a ), and Bonaccorso(1998).; [batnames2025_1.7] Distinct from papuensis; see Kitchener et al. (1992a). Also see Hill (1983), Flannery (1995a), and Bonaccorso(1998).														secundus				secundus 	secundus 			secundus Hayman in Laurie, 1952		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Mantled mastiff-bat	NC New Guinea	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Otomops secundus	Papua New Guinea, Madang Prov., Tapu.	Hayman	1952	In Laurie, Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 1:314.	Distribution: Known only from northeastern New Guinea.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Mantled mastiff-bat	NE New Guinea	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Hayman	1952	In Laurie, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool., 1:314.	May be a subspecies of papuensis, according to the describer; see Hill (1983:197-198).	NE New Guinea.	Papua New Guinea, Madang Prov., Tapu.		HAYMAN	1952	Size fairly small (forearm length, 57-58 mm).	Distribution: Known only from northeastern New Guinea.	No subspecies.		142	species	O. secundus	HAYMAN	1952	Otomops	genus	Otomops secundus				Size fairly small (forearm length, 57-58 mm).	No subspecies.		2. O. secundus HAYMAN 1952.	2	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Molossidae	Molossinae		Otomops secundus	Otomops		secundus	Hayman		1952		In Laurie, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool.	1		314		Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat	Papua New Guinea, Madang Prov., Tapu.	NE New Guinea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Vulnerable.		Distinct from papuensis; see Kitchener et al. (1992a). Also see Hill (1983), Flannery (1995a), and Bonaccorso (1998).	194287C9FF95BA39B4A3F544B5DAFE16	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf	hash://md5/e57bffb1ffbcba10b412f760b226ffce	660	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/19/42/87/194287C9FF95BA39B4A3F544B5DAFE16.xml	Otomops secundus	Molossidae	Otomops	secundus	Hayman	1952	Tadaride a cape @fr | Mantel-Riesenbulldogfledermaus @de | Otomops con capa @es | Mantled Free-tailed Bat @en | Mantled Mastiff Bat @en	Otomops secundus Hayman in Laurie, 1952, “Tapu, Upper Ramu River Plateau [Madang Province], NE. New Guinea [= Papua New Guinea ].” This species is monotypic.	Endemic to Papua New Guinea , known only from three localities, including Tapu in Madang Province , Kimi Creek Camp in Eastern Highlands Province , and Hohola, Port Moresby .	Head—body 70-71 mm, tail 36-37 mm, ear c. 24 mm , hindfoot c¢. 10 mm , forearm ¢. 58 mm . The Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat is one of the largest molossid bats in Papua New Guinea . It is much larger than the Papuan Giant Mastiff Bat ( Otomops papuensis ), comparable in size only to the New Guinea Free-tailed Bat ( Austronomus kuboriensis ), from which it can easily be distinguished by its mantle and massive wrinkled ears. It has dark chocolate-brown fur with a distinct buff-gray mantle across shoulders and back; there is a narrow line of white fur along upper side of wing junction, and a white patch of hair at base of each ear. Ears are huge, extending well beyond nose and are connected by a membrane. Inner and outer toes have stiff brush-like hairs for grooming.	The Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat was presumed to live in mediumto high-elevation tropical forests at ¢.1800-2000 m above sea level until a road kill specimen from Hohola, a suburb of Port Moresby , was discovered; this specimen greatly widened the known altitudinal range, down to sea level, and the habitat range, from the urban monsoonal savanna of Port Moresby to mid-montane forest of the upper Ramu Plateau .	The Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat is thought to forage in open areas or above the forest canopy, and to feed on aerial invertebrates.	No information.	The Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat is presumed to be nocturnal. One specimen was shot “from a height” as it flew rapidly and directly out of a forest at night.	No information.	Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List, because it is known only from four specimens from three locations. The number of mature individuals and threats are unknown.	Bonaccorso (1998) | Bonaccorso & Reardon (2008a) | Flannery (1995b) | Kitchener, How & Maryanto (1992) | Ralph et al. (2015) | Wiles & Brooke (2010)	https://zenodo.org/record/6567906/files/figure.png	100. Mantled Giant Masuft Bat Otomops secundus French: Tadaride a cape / German: Mantel-Riesenbulldogfledermaus / Spanish: Otomops con capa Other common names: Mantled Free-tailed Bat , Mantled Mastiff Bat Taxonomy. Otomops secundus Hayman in Laurie, 1952, “Tapu, Upper Ramu River Plateau [Madang Province], NE. New Guinea [= Papua New Guinea ].” This species is monotypic. Distribution. Endemic to Papua New Guinea , known only from three localities, including Tapu in Madang Province , Kimi Creek Camp in Eastern Highlands Province , and Hohola, Port Moresby . Descriptive notes. Head—body 70-71 mm, tail 36-37 mm, ear c. 24 mm , hindfoot c¢. 10 mm , forearm ¢. 58 mm . The Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat is one of the largest molossid bats in Papua New Guinea . It is much larger than the Papuan Giant Mastiff Bat ( Otomops papuensis ), comparable in size only to the New Guinea Free-tailed Bat ( Austronomus kuboriensis ), from which it can easily be distinguished by its mantle and massive wrinkled ears. It has dark chocolate-brown fur with a distinct buff-gray mantle across shoulders and back; there is a narrow line of white fur along upper side of wing junction, and a white patch of hair at base of each ear. Ears are huge, extending well beyond nose and are connected by a membrane. Inner and outer toes have stiff brush-like hairs for grooming. Habitat. The Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat was presumed to live in mediumto high-elevation tropical forests at ¢.1800-2000 m above sea level until a road kill specimen from Hohola, a suburb of Port Moresby , was discovered; this specimen greatly widened the known altitudinal range, down to sea level, and the habitat range, from the urban monsoonal savanna of Port Moresby to mid-montane forest of the upper Ramu Plateau . Food and Feeding. The Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat is thought to forage in open areas or above the forest canopy, and to feed on aerial invertebrates. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. The Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat is presumed to be nocturnal. One specimen was shot “from a height” as it flew rapidly and directly out of a forest at night. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List, because it is known only from four specimens from three locations. The number of mature individuals and threats are unknown. Bibliography. Bonaccorso (1998), Bonaccorso & Reardon (2008a), Flannery (1995b), Kitchener, How & Maryanto (1992), Ralph et al. (2015), Wiles & Brooke (2010).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Molossidae	Otomops secundus	Otomops		secundus	Hayman	1952	0	In Laurie, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool.	0.2597	Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat	None.	Papua New Guinea, Madang Prov., Tapu.	NE New Guinea.	Not listed.	Data Deficient	Distinct from papuensis ; see Kitchener et al. (1992 a ). Also see Hill (1983), Flannery (1995 a ), and Bonaccorso(1998).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Otomops secundus	23	Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat	Mantled Free-tailed Bat|Mantled Mastiff Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	MOLOSSIDAE	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Otomops	NA	secundus	Hayman	1952	0	Otomops_secundus	Hayman, R. W. (1952). In Laurie, E. M. O. Mammals collected by Mr. Shaw Mayer in New Guinea, 1932-1949. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Zoology, 1, 314.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19429#page/448/mode/1up	BM 1950.982		"Tapu, Upper Ramu River Plateau [Madang Province], NE. New Guinea [= Papua New Guinea]."			secundus Hayman, 1952	NA	NA	Papua New Guinea	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	DD	0	0	0	Otomops_secundus	0	sciname match	Otomops_secundus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	15650	Otomops secundus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MOLOSSIDAE	Otomops	secundus	Hayman, 1952		200000000	Otomops secundus	Data Deficient		2021	2019-07-18 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Assessed as Data Deficient given that knowledge of its distribution and population size is based on records from only three locations with confirmed identifications, there have been no new confirmed captures or records since 1991, there is very little information available on its biology, and it is difficult to determine if a greater part of the population is subject to significant threatening processes.	This species has been recorded flying above the mid-montane forest canopy, and over open habitats including urban areas (Flannery 1995, Bonaccorso 1998). Roosting habits of this species are unknown, but it is assumed to roost in large tree hollows, similar to that used by Chaerephon jobensis .	Given the species association with primary and secondary forests, it is assumed that forest degradation and loss for agriculture and plantations is a threat to the species.	It is known from six museum specimens collected at three localities. The recent detections of echolocation calls thought to be from a species of Otomops point to a relatively wide distribution over Papua New Guinea, and thus a relatively large population size. However, such calls have been recorded relatively infrequently and are usually uncommon on a set of recordings, suggesting that the species occurs at relatively low density. Few surveys specifically targeting bat species that fly over the tree canopy have been conducted in Papua New Guinea. Acoustic surveys using bat detectors record it occasionally, and thus, while it may be abundant, it could occur at relatively low density.	Unknown	This species has only been recorded in Papua New Guinea, and from only three locations: Tapu, on the Upper Ramu River Plateau, Madang Province (four specimens collected); Kimi Creek Camp, Eastern Highlands Province (one specimen collected); and Hohola, Port Moresby (one specimen collected) (Flannery 1995, Bonaccorso 1998). It has been recorded from sea level to 1,980 m asl. More recent unconfirmed records of an Otomops species have come from echolocation call recordings made as part of several biodiversity surveys in Hela, Gulf, Southern Highlands, Western and Madang provinces (K.N. Armstrong unpublished data), suggesting a relatively wide distribution up to mid-elevations. None of these recordings is associated with a captured specimen. It is possible that only calls recorded on the northern side of the central cordillera are from O. secundus .		Terrestrial	Populations of this species can be maintained through the preservation of primary and secondary forest habitat. Further survey work with appropriate trapping methods for high flying bat species is needed to better establish distribution limits.	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Molossidae	Otomops		secundus	Hayman	1952	0	In Laurie, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool.	0.259722	Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat	None.	Papua New Guinea, Madang Prov., Tapu.	NE New Guinea.	Not listed.	Data Deficient	Distinct from papuensis ; see Kitchener et al. (1992 a ). Also see Hill (1983), Flannery (1995 a ), and Bonaccorso(1998).	Otomops secundus	1005244	23	Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat	Mantled Free-tailed Bat|Mantled Mastiff Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Molossidae	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Otomops	NA	secundus	Hayman	1952	0	Otomops_secundus	Hayman, R. W. (1952). In Laurie, E. M. O. Mammals collected by Mr. Shaw Mayer in New Guinea, 1932-1949. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Zoology, 1, 314.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19429#page/448/mode/1up	BM 1950.982		"Tapu, Upper Ramu River Plateau [Madang Province], NE. New Guinea [= Papua New Guinea]."			secundus Hayman, 1952	NA	NA				Papua New Guinea	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	DD	0	0	0	Otomops_secundus	0	sciname match	Otomops_secundus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Otomops_secundus	1005244	23	Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat	Mantled Free-tailed Bat|Mantled Mastiff Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Molossidae	Molossinae	NA	Otomops	NA	secundus	Hayman in Laurie	0	Otomops secundus	Laurie, E.M.O. 1952. Mammals collected by Mr. Shaw Mayer in New Guinea, 1932â€“1949. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology)1(10):269-318.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2262596	BMNH:Mamm:1950.982	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/45477a62-4f51-4ec1-9f95-2a2db421d220	"Tapu, Upper Ramu River Plateau [Madang Province], NE. New Guinea [= Papua New Guinea]."			NA	NA				Papua New Guinea	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia	DD	0	0	0	Otomops_secundus	0	sciname match	Otomops_secundus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Molossidae	Otomops		secundus	Hayman	1952	0	In Laurie, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool.	0.259722	Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat	None.	Papua New Guinea, Madang Prov., Tapu.	NE New Guinea.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15650/209524157/' target='_blank'>Data Deficient</a>	Distinct from papuensis; see Kitchener et al. (1992a). Also see Hill (1983), Flannery (1995a), and Bonaccorso(1998).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Otomops secundus; Otomops secundus; Otomops secundus; Otomops secundus; Otomops secundus; Otomops secundus; secundus; Tadaride a cape; Mantel-Riesenbulldogfledermaus; Otomops con capa; Mantled Free-tailed Bat; Mantled Mastiff Bat; Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat; Mantled Free-tailed Bat; Mantled Mastiff Bat; Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat; Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat; O. secundus
