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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1105	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	Otomops martiensseni [synonym of]	Otomops martiensseni madagascariensis	Otomops madagascariensis	Otomops madagascariensis	Otomops madagascariensis	Otomops madagascariensis	Otomops madagascariensis	Otomops madagascariensis	Otomops madagascariensis	Otomops madagascariensis	Otomops madagascariensis	Otomops madagascariensis		[MSW3] Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).; [HMW] Otomops madagascariensis Dorst, 1953 , “Cave P. Saboureau in reservation No. 8 in Namoroka [Nature Reserve, south of Soalala], Madagascar .” Otomops madagascariensis was previously treated as a race of O. martiensseni , but in 1995 R. L. Peterson and colleagues suggested that they might be a distinct species; this was confirmed on molecular grounds byJ. M. Lamb and colleagues in 2008, and on the grounds of cranial morphology by L. R. Richards and colleagues in 2012. The two are sister species. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).; [IUCN] The Madagascar populations were previously included within Otomops martiensseni (Hutson et al. 2001), but were treated as an endemic Malagasy species by Peterson et al . (1995) and Simmons (2005).; [batnames2023] Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).; [batnames2025_1.7] Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).														madagascariensis	The Madagascar populations were previously included within Otomops martiensseni (Hutson et al. 2001), but were treated as an endemic Malagasy species by Peterson et al . (1995) and Simmons (2005).			madagascariensis	madagascariensis			madagascariensis Dorst, 1953						N/A																																								NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Molossidae	Molossinae		Otomops madagascariensis	Otomops		madagascariensis	Dorst		1953		Mém. Inst. Scient. Madagascar (A)	8		236		Malagasy Giant Mastiff Bat	Madagascar, S of Soalala, Namoroka, Réserve naturelle intégrale (no. 8), 16°23’S, 45°28’E.	N, S, and W Madagascar.	IUCN 2003 – Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).		Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).	194287C9FF9BBA38B1BCFE37B6E7F8F1	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf	hash://md5/e57bffb1ffbcba10b412f760b226ffce	658	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/19/42/87/194287C9FF9BBA38B1BCFE37B6E7F8F1.xml	Otomops madagascariensis	Molossidae	Otomops	madagascariensis	Dorst	1953	Tadaride de Madagascar @fr | Madagaskar Riesenbulldogfledermaus @de | Otomops de Madagascar @es | Madagascar Free-tailed Bat @en | Madagascar Mastiff Bat @en	Otomops madagascariensis Dorst, 1953 , “Cave P. Saboureau in reservation No. 8 in Namoroka [Nature Reserve, south of Soalala], Madagascar .” Otomops madagascariensis was previously treated as a race of O. martiensseni , but in 1995 R. L. Peterson and colleagues suggested that they might be a distinct species; this was confirmed on molecular grounds byJ. M. Lamb and colleagues in 2008, and on the grounds of cranial morphology by L. R. Richards and colleagues in 2012. The two are sister species. Monotypic.	Isolated localities mostly in the drier W side of Madagascar , from Ankarana Special Reserve in the N to Isalo National Park and Toliara in the S.	Head-body 94-96 mm (males) and 89-93 mm (females), tail 38-50 mm (males) and 35-49 mm (females), ear 33-42 mm (males) and 30-39 mm (females), hindfoot 8-11 mm (males) and 9-12 mm (females), forearm 60-66 mm (males) and 57-63 mm (females); weight 20-5-29-5 g (males) and 17-5-26 g (females). Males are quite substantially larger than females. The Madagascar Giant Mastiff Bat is distinctly smaller than both African continental species, both in body size (mean forearm 63 mm vs. 66-71 mm) and skull length (mean 26 mm vs. 27-29 mm). Fur is similar to other giant mastiff bats, soft, dense, and dark brown with dark rusty brown tinge, or blackish brown, darker on head and body, with pale brown or white band across shoulders, and a thin band of pale brown separating dark dorsal pelage from dark wing membrane on each side; belly is dark brown, throat paler. Face is pink with pig-like snout. Upper lip is expansible with many fine wrinkles and no spoon-hairs. Ears are rounded, fairly stiff, projecting forward well beyond snout; inner margins are joined together and to muzzle. Tragus is minute; antitragus is absent but a semicircular flap extends forward from base of ear and can be folded down to seal ear opening. There is no interaural crest. Gular sac is present in both sexes, well developed in adults. Wings and interfemoral membrane are blackish brown. Anterior of braincase is moderately elevated above plane of rostrum; zygomatic arches have prominent vertical projections; sagittal crest is moderate; lambdoid crest is low or absent; there is no helmet; anterior palatal emargination is very narrow and deep; basisphenoid pits are very deep and wide. Dentition is weak; P* is small but rising well above cingulum of P* M? has third ridge equal to, or slightly shorter than, second; lower incisors are bicuspid; C, has cingula weakly developed and well separated.	Typically, limestone and other sedimentary rocky habitats in vicinity of dry deciduous forests or spiny bush; also urban habitat at Antananarivo . Elevational range from sea level up to 1350 m .	Madagascar Giant Mastiff Bats feed mostly on beetles and moths.	Based on a study of colonies from two caves at Bemaraha and near Sarodrano, western Madagascar , by D. Andriafidison and colleagues in 2007, pregnant females were observed at the beginning of the wet season (austral summer) in October and November but not during the austral winter (June and August).	In northern Madagascar , Madagascar Giant Mastiff Bats roost in caves with large entrances and high ceilings, relatively cool temperatures and close to water. They use individual recessed domesin the ceiling. One individual was found in a building at Antananarivo , suggesting that the species may be at least partly synanthropic,as is the case of the Large-eared Giant Mastiff Bat ( O. martiensseni ). It is also likely that the species uses caves in cliffs in the vicinity of Antananarivo , and its lowfrequency calls are apparently commonly heard in Antananarivo .	Madagascar Giant Mastiff Bats roost communally in caves, in colonies that can reach 100 or more individuals. In a study by Andriafidison and colleagues in 2007, sex ratio was highly biased toward females (e.g. 57 pregnant females to five males in one colony sampled in November), suggesting that the species may maintain a harem structure, as also appears to be the case in the Large-eared Giant Mastiff Bat.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust.	ACR (2017) | Andriafidison et al. (2007) | Goodman (2011) | Goodman & Raherilalao (2013) | Lamb et al. (2008) | Monadjem, Razafimanahaka et al. (2017d) | Peterson et al. (1995) | Richards et al. (2012)	https://zenodo.org/record/6567898/files/figure.png	96. Madagascar Giant Mastiff Bat Otomops madagascariensis French: Tadaride de Madagascar / German: MadagaskarRiesenbulldogfledermaus / Spanish: Otomops de Madagascar Other common names: Madagascar Free-tailed Bat , Madagascar Mastiff Bat Taxonomy. Otomops madagascariensis Dorst, 1953 , “Cave P. Saboureau in reservation No. 8 in Namoroka [Nature Reserve, south of Soalala], Madagascar .” Otomops madagascariensis was previously treated as a race of O. martiensseni , but in 1995 R. L. Peterson and colleagues suggested that they might be a distinct species; this was confirmed on molecular grounds byJ. M. Lamb and colleagues in 2008, and on the grounds of cranial morphology by L. R. Richards and colleagues in 2012. The two are sister species. Monotypic. Distribution. Isolated localities mostly in the drier W side of Madagascar , from Ankarana Special Reserve in the N to Isalo National Park and Toliara in the S. Descriptive notes. Head-body 94-96 mm (males) and 89-93 mm (females), tail 38-50 mm (males) and 35-49 mm (females), ear 33-42 mm (males) and 30-39 mm (females), hindfoot 8-11 mm (males) and 9-12 mm (females), forearm 60-66 mm (males) and 57-63 mm (females); weight 20-5-29-5 g (males) and 17-5-26 g (females). Males are quite substantially larger than females. The Madagascar Giant Mastiff Bat is distinctly smaller than both African continental species, both in body size (mean forearm 63 mm vs. 66-71 mm) and skull length (mean 26 mm vs. 27-29 mm). Fur is similar to other giant mastiff bats, soft, dense, and dark brown with dark rusty brown tinge, or blackish brown, darker on head and body, with pale brown or white band across shoulders, and a thin band of pale brown separating dark dorsal pelage from dark wing membrane on each side; belly is dark brown, throat paler. Face is pink with pig-like snout. Upper lip is expansible with many fine wrinkles and no spoon-hairs. Ears are rounded, fairly stiff, projecting forward well beyond snout; inner margins are joined together and to muzzle. Tragus is minute; antitragus is absent but a semicircular flap extends forward from base of ear and can be folded down to seal ear opening. There is no interaural crest. Gular sac is present in both sexes, well developed in adults. Wings and interfemoral membrane are blackish brown. Anterior of braincase is moderately elevated above plane of rostrum; zygomatic arches have prominent vertical projections; sagittal crest is moderate; lambdoid crest is low or absent; there is no helmet; anterior palatal emargination is very narrow and deep; basisphenoid pits are very deep and wide. Dentition is weak; P* is small but rising well above cingulum of P* M? has third ridge equal to, or slightly shorter than, second; lower incisors are bicuspid; C, has cingula weakly developed and well separated. Habitat. Typically, limestone and other sedimentary rocky habitats in vicinity of dry deciduous forests or spiny bush; also urban habitat at Antananarivo . Elevational range from sea level up to 1350 m . Food and Feeding. Madagascar Giant Mastiff Bats feed mostly on beetles and moths. Breeding. Based on a study of colonies from two caves at Bemaraha and near Sarodrano, western Madagascar , by D. Andriafidison and colleagues in 2007, pregnant females were observed at the beginning of the wet season (austral summer) in October and November but not during the austral winter (June and August). Activity patterns. In northern Madagascar , Madagascar Giant Mastiff Bats roost in caves with large entrances and high ceilings, relatively cool temperatures and close to water. They use individual recessed domesin the ceiling. One individual was found in a building at Antananarivo , suggesting that the species may be at least partly synanthropic,as is the case of the Large-eared Giant Mastiff Bat ( O. martiensseni ). It is also likely that the species uses caves in cliffs in the vicinity of Antananarivo , and its lowfrequency calls are apparently commonly heard in Antananarivo . Movements, Home range and Social organization. Madagascar Giant Mastiff Bats roost communally in caves, in colonies that can reach 100 or more individuals. In a study by Andriafidison and colleagues in 2007, sex ratio was highly biased toward females (e.g. 57 pregnant females to five males in one colony sampled in November), suggesting that the species may maintain a harem structure, as also appears to be the case in the Large-eared Giant Mastiff Bat. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust. Bibliography. ACR (2017), Andriafidison et al. (2007), Goodman (2011), Goodman & Raherilalao (2013), Lamb et al. (2008), Monadjem, Razafimanahaka et al. (2017d), Peterson et al. (1995), Richards et al. (2012)..	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Molossidae	Otomops madagascariensis	Otomops		madagascariensis	Dorst	1953	0	M&eacute;m. Inst. Scient. Madagascar (A)	0.4972	Malagasy Giant Mastiff Bat	None.	Madagascar, S of Soalala, Namoroka, RÃ©serve naturelle intÃ©grale (no. 8), 16Â°23âS, 45Â°28âE.	N, S, and W Madagascar.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Otomops madagascariensis	23	Madagascar Giant Mastiff Bat	Madagascar Free-tailed Bat|Madagascar Mastiff Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	MOLOSSIDAE	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Otomops	NA	madagascariensis	Dorst	1953	0	Otomops_madagascariensis	Dorst, J. (1953). Notes on the genus Otomops and a description of a new species from Madagascar (Chiroptera, Molossidae). MÃ©moires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar sÃ©rie A, 8, 236.		MNHN 1953-1		"Cave P. Saboureau in reservation No. 8 in Namoroka [Nature Reserve, south of Soalala], Madagascar."			madagascariensis Dorst, 1953	NA	NA	Madagascar	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Otomops_madagascariensis	0	sciname match	Otomops_madagascariensis	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	136564	Otomops madagascariensis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MOLOSSIDAE	Otomops	madagascariensis	Dorst, 1953	The Madagascar populations were previously included within Otomops martiensseni (Hutson et al. 2001), but were treated as an endemic Malagasy species by Peterson et al . (1995) and Simmons (2005).	20000000	Otomops madagascariensis	Least Concern		2017	2016-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern in view of its widespread but patchy distribution in Madagascar. It is not well known in Madagascar, but it is likely distributed more widely than current records suggest and it is unlikely that it is declining at a rate that would warrant listing in a higher category of threat.	This species is restricted to areas with sandstone and limestone outcrops in western Madagascar (Goodman et al. 2005) and appears to be an obligate cave dweller (Andriafidison et al . 2007). In the RÃ©serve SpÃ©ciale dâ€™Ankarana, its roosting colonies were associated with caves that were relatively cool, high and in close proximity to water (Cardiff 2006). The diet consists mainly of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera (Andriafidison et al . 2007) and foraging habitats are not thought to be associated with intact forest (Goodman et al . 2005).	The threats to this species are unclear, but more research is needed into possible disturbance at its roost sites.	The colony of O. madagascariensis in a cave in the south of Parc National du Tsingy de Bemaraha consisted of between 90 and 100 individuals in 2003 (Andriafidison et al. 2007). The Sarodrano roost in the south of Madagascar contained at least 67 animals in November 2003 (Andriafidison et al. 2007). The maximum colony size at RÃ©serve SpÃ©ciale dâ€™Ankarana was 97 individuals (S. G. Cardiff pers. comm.).	Unknown	This species is endemic to the island of Madagascar where it is has a disjunct distribution from the north to the south-west of the island. It has an elevation range of 5 m to 800 m above sea level (Goodman et al. 2005).		Terrestrial	This species roosts in one cave that is locally protected by 'fady' or taboo (Andriafidison et al. 2007). It has been recorded from five protected areas: Parc National du Tsingy de Bemaraha, Parc National de Namoroka, Parc National dâ€™Isalo, RÃ©serve SpÃ©ciale dâ€™Ankarana and RÃ©serve SpÃ©ciale dâ€™Analamerana (Goodman et al . 2005). A total of nine roosting colonies are currently known: six in RÃ©serve SpÃ©ciale dâ€™Ankarana (Cardiff 2006), two in Parc National du Tsingy de Bemaraha (Andriafidison et al . 2007) and one in Sarodrano (Goodman et al . 2005; Andriafidison et al . 2007), and all receive some form of protection. More research is needed on its roosting ecology and surveys are required in areas where this species is expected to occur.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Molossidae	Otomops		madagascariensis	Dorst	1953	0	M&eacute;m. Inst. Scient. Madagascar (A)	0.497222	Malagasy Giant Mastiff Bat	None.	Madagascar, S of Soalala, Namoroka, RÃ©serve naturelle intÃ©grale (no. 8), 16Â°23â€™S, 45Â°28â€™E.	N, S, and W Madagascar.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).	Otomops madagascariensis	1005241	23	Madagascar Giant Mastiff Bat	Madagascar Free-tailed Bat|Madagascar Mastiff Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Molossidae	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Otomops	NA	madagascariensis	Dorst	1953	0	Otomops_madagascariensis	Dorst, J. (1953). Notes on the genus Otomops and a description of a new species from Madagascar (Chiroptera, Molossidae). MÃ©moires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar sÃ©rie A, 8, 236.		MNHN 1953-1		"Cave P. Saboureau in reservation No. 8 in Namoroka [Nature Reserve, south of Soalala], Madagascar."			madagascariensis Dorst, 1953	NA	NA				Madagascar	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Otomops_madagascariensis	0	sciname match	Otomops_madagascariensis	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Otomops_madagascariensis	1005241	23	Madagascar Giant Mastiff Bat	Madagascar Free-tailed Bat|Madagascar Mastiff Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Molossidae	Molossinae	NA	Otomops	NA	madagascariensis	Dorst	0	Otomops madagascariensis	Dorst, J. 1953. Considerations sur le genre Â« _Otomops_ Â» et description d'une espece nouvelle de Madagascar (ChiroptÃ¨res, MolossidÃ©s). MÃ©moires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar (A)8:235-240.		MNHN-ZM-MO-1953-1	holotype	http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/zm/mo-1953-1	"Cave P. Saboureau in reservation No. 8 in Namoroka [Nature Reserve, south of Soalala], Madagascar."	-16.3833	45.46667	NA	NA				Madagascar	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Otomops_madagascariensis	0	sciname match	Otomops_madagascariensis	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Molossidae	Otomops		madagascariensis	Dorst	1953	0	M&eacute;m. Inst. Scient. Madagascar (A)	0.497222	Malagasy Giant Mastiff Bat	None.	Madagascar, S of Soalala, Namoroka, RÃ©serve naturelle intÃ©grale (no. 8), 16Â°23â€™S, 45Â°28â€™E.	N, S, and W Madagascar.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136564/21991318/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Otomops madagascariensis; Otomops madagascariensis; Otomops madagascariensis; Otomops madagascariensis; Otomops madagascariensis; Otomops madagascariensis; madagascariensis; Tadaride de Madagascar; Madagaskar Riesenbulldogfledermaus; Otomops de Madagascar; Madagascar Free-tailed Bat; Madagascar Mastiff Bat; Madagascar Giant Mastiff Bat; Madagascar Free-tailed Bat; Madagascar Mastiff Bat; Malagasy Giant Mastiff Bat; Malagasy Giant Mastiff Bat; O. madagascariensis
