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authorityParentheses originalNameCombination authoritySpeciesCitation authoritySpeciesLink typeVoucher typeKind typeVoucherURIs typeLocality typeLocalityLatitude typeLocalityLongitude taxonomyNotes taxonomyNotesCitation distributionNotes distributionNotesCitation subregionDistribution countryDistribution continentDistribution biogeographicRealm iucnStatus extinct domestic flagged CMW_sciName diffSinceCMW MSW3_matchtype MSW3_sciName diffSinceMSW3 docOrigin_batnames2025 Family Genus Subgenus Species Author Date Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses) Citation Pages Common Name Synonyms Type Locality Distribution CITES IUCN Comments column3781 column3791 subtribe CONCAT_ALTNAMES line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1097 application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Nyctophilus nebulosus Nyctophilus nebulosus Nyctophilus nebulosus Nyctophilus nebulosus Nyctophilus nebulosus Nyctophilus nebulosus Nyctophilus nebulosus Nyctophilus nebulosus Nyctophilus nebulosus Nyctophilus nebulosus [MSW3] In addition to the original description by Parnaby (2002a), see Flannery (1995b), who discussed this species under its common name.; [HMW] Nyctophilus nebulosus Parnaby, 2002 , “Southwestern slopes of Mt Koghis, Nouméa, New Caledonia , 22° 10’ 37"S , 166° 30' 12"E .” Nyctophilus nebulosus is tentatively in the gouldi group, but additional research is needed to determine its relationships to other species of Nyctophilus . Monotypic.; [batnames2022] gouldi ? species group. In addition to the original description by Parnaby (2002 a ), see Flannery (1995 b ), who discussed this speciesunder its common name.; [batnames2023] gouldi ? species group. In addition to the original description by Parnaby (2002 a ), see Flannery (1995 b ), who discussed this speciesunder its common name.; [batnames2025_1.7] gouldi? species group. In addition to the original description by Parnaby (2002a), see Flannery (1995b), who discussed this speciesunder its common name. nebulosus nebulosus nebulosus nebulosus Parnaby, 2002 N/A NA Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu). CHIROPTERA Vespertilionidae Vespertilioninae Nyctophilini Nyctophilus nebulosus Nyctophilus nebulosus Parnaby 2002 Aust. Mammal. 23 116 New Caledonian Long-eared Bat New Caledonia, Nouméa, southwestern slopes of Mt. Koghis, 150 m N of Station d'Altitude car park, 22°10'37"S, 166°30'12"E, 430 m. Known only from Nouméa area of New Caledonia. Not yet assessed by IUCN, but Parnaby (2000b) recommended that this species be classified in the IUCN threat category of Vulnerable (B1ab+2ab, D2). In addition to the original description by Parnaby (2002a), see Flannery (1995b), who discussed this species under its common name. 4C3D87E8FFD56A6AFF5192371F9CB7FB Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions 978-84-16728-19-0 hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32 804 zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FFD56A6AFF5192371F9CB7FB.xml Nyctophilus nebulosus Vespertilionidae Nyctophilus nebulosus Parnaby 2002 Nyctophile de Nouvelle-Calédonie @fr | Neukaledonien-Langohrfledermaus @de | Nictofilade Nueva Caledonia @es Nyctophilus nebulosus Parnaby, 2002 , “Southwestern slopes of Mt Koghis, Nouméa, New Caledonia , 22° 10’ 37"S , 166° 30' 12"E .” Nyctophilus nebulosus is tentatively in the gouldi group, but additional research is needed to determine its relationships to other species of Nyctophilus . Monotypic. Known only from Mt Koghis on S Grande Terre, New Caledonia ; an extensive bat survey in 2000-2001 failed to extend known localities of the species. Head-body 52-9-54-9 mm,tail 48-7-50-2 mm, ear 24-5-27-3 mm, forearm 42-4-43-5 mm; weight 9-4-12 g. The New Caledonian Long-eared Bat has very large ears and unique simple noseleaf consisting of two ridges, one further on muzzle and another immediately above nostrils, with vertical groove in middle and furred trough between them. Pelage of males and females differs, with males having dark reddish brown pelage dorsally and ventrally and females having chocolate-brown pelage. Rostrum is short and blunt, with ridge across muzzle over nostrils that is poorly developed, being low with shallow vertical groove. Ears are very large and broad, with bluntly rounded tips, horizontal ribbing on inner surfaces, inward curved anterior edges, and smooth posterior edges (ears can fold back at top of thick part of anterior edge); large and furred interauricular band crosses forehead between ears; tragus is small and bluntly rounded at tip, being convex on anterior margin. Glans penis is similar to that of Gould’s Long-eared Bat ( N. gouldi ), but urethral lappets are relatively larger and extend further distally, and medial dorsal groove is more pronounced. Baculum is ¢. 3 mm long, with moderately thin shaft (but thick in terms of Nyctophilus ) that constricts right before tip in dorsal view; tip is somewhat arrowhead-shaped, and base is strongly bifurcated; in lateral view, baculum is curved downward at base (where it 1s the thickest), but shaft is straight to narrowed tip. Skull is moderately robust and moderately narrow for the genus; basioccipital pits are moderately deep; tympanic bullae are moderately large; posterior part of palate is elongated; and M® and lower molars are moderately reduced for the genus (less reduced than in Gould’s Long-eared Bat). Holotype and both paratypes were caught in a mist net set across a track in a small clearing in tall closed rainforest at an elevation of 430 m , suggesting the New Caledonian Long-eared Batis found in montane forest habitats. No information. No information. The New Caledonian Long-eared Bat is nocturnal, and it likely roosts in tree hollows like other long-eared bats. A fossil specimen from the Late Holocene was found in Mé Auré Cave, but it was likely brought in by a predator rather than being where the bat roosted. No information. Classified as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The New Caledonian Long-eared Bat is currently known from only four specimens collected on Mount Koghis in the early 1990s. If extant,it is likely threatened by ongoing habitat destruction across New Caledonia and perhaps tourists frequent the mountain where is last recorded. Additional research on its distribution, ecology, and threats is needed. Dobson (1878) | Flannery (1995a) | Hand & Grant-Mackie (2012) | Kirsch et al. (2002) | Parnaby (2002a, 2008a, 2009) https://zenodo.org/record/6397946/files/figure.png 84. New Caledonian Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus nebulosus French: Nyctophile de Nouvelle-Calédonie / German: Neukaledonien-Langohrfledermaus / Spanish: Nictofila de Nueva Caledonia Taxonomy. Nyctophilus nebulosus Parnaby, 2002 , “Southwestern slopes of Mt Koghis, Nouméa, New Caledonia , 22° 10’ 37"S , 166° 30' 12"E .” Nyctophilus nebulosus is tentatively in the gouldi group, but additional research is needed to determine its relationships to other species of Nyctophilus . Monotypic. Distribution. Known only from Mt Koghis on S Grande Terre, New Caledonia ; an extensive bat survey in 2000-2001 failed to extend known localities of the species. Descriptive notes. Head-body 52-9-54-9 mm,tail 48-7-50-2 mm, ear 24-5-27-3 mm, forearm 42-4-43-5 mm; weight 9-4-12 g. The New Caledonian Long-eared Bat has very large ears and unique simple noseleaf consisting of two ridges, one further on muzzle and another immediately above nostrils, with vertical groove in middle and furred trough between them. Pelage of males and females differs, with males having dark reddish brown pelage dorsally and ventrally and females having chocolate-brown pelage. Rostrum is short and blunt, with ridge across muzzle over nostrils that is poorly developed, being low with shallow vertical groove. Ears are very large and broad, with bluntly rounded tips, horizontal ribbing on inner surfaces, inward curved anterior edges, and smooth posterior edges (ears can fold back at top of thick part of anterior edge); large and furred interauricular band crosses forehead between ears; tragus is small and bluntly rounded at tip, being convex on anterior margin. Glans penis is similar to that of Gould’s Long-eared Bat ( N. gouldi ), but urethral lappets are relatively larger and extend further distally, and medial dorsal groove is more pronounced. Baculum is ¢. 3 mm long, with moderately thin shaft (but thick in terms of Nyctophilus ) that constricts right before tip in dorsal view; tip is somewhat arrowhead-shaped, and base is strongly bifurcated; in lateral view, baculum is curved downward at base (where it 1s the thickest), but shaft is straight to narrowed tip. Skull is moderately robust and moderately narrow for the genus; basioccipital pits are moderately deep; tympanic bullae are moderately large; posterior part of palate is elongated; and M® and lower molars are moderately reduced for the genus (less reduced than in Gould’s Long-eared Bat). Habitat. Holotype and both paratypes were caught in a mist net set across a track in a small clearing in tall closed rainforest at an elevation of 430 m , suggesting the New Caledonian Long-eared Batis found in montane forest habitats. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. The New Caledonian Long-eared Bat is nocturnal, and it likely roosts in tree hollows like other long-eared bats. A fossil specimen from the Late Holocene was found in Mé Auré Cave, but it was likely brought in by a predator rather than being where the bat roosted. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The New Caledonian Long-eared Bat is currently known from only four specimens collected on Mount Koghis in the early 1990s. If extant,it is likely threatened by ongoing habitat destruction across New Caledonia and perhaps tourists frequent the mountain where is last recorded. Additional research on its distribution, ecology, and threats is needed. Bibliography. Dobson (1878), Flannery (1995a), Hand & Grant-Mackie (2012), Kirsch et al. (2002), Parnaby (2002a, 2008a, 2009). Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022. Vespertilionidae Nyctophilus nebulosus Nyctophilus nebulosus Parnaby 2002 0 Aust. Mammal. 1.0389 New Caledonian Long-eared Bat None. New Caledonia, NoumÃ©a, southwestern slopes of Mt. Koghis, 150 m N of Station d'Altitude car park, 22Â°10'37"S, 166Â°30'12"E, 430 m. Known only from NoumÃ©a area of New Caledonia. Not listed. Critically Endangered gouldi ? species group. In addition to the original description by Parnaby (2002 a ), see Flannery (1995 b ), who discussed this speciesunder its common name. Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023 Nyctophilus nebulosus 23 New Caledonian Long-eared Bat Theria Placentalia Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria CHIROPTERA VESPERTILIONIFORMES NA NA VESPERTILIONOIDEA VESPERTILIONIDAE VESPERTILIONINAE VESPERTILIONINI Nyctophilus NA nebulosus Parnaby 2002 0 Nyctophilus_nebulosus Parnaby, H. E. (2002). A new species of Long-eared bat (Nyctophilus: Vespertilionidae) from New Caledonia. Australian Mammalogy, 23(2), 116. AM M.23730 "Southwestern slopes of Mt Koghis, NoumÃ©a, New Caledonia, 22Â° 10' 37"S, 166Â° 30' 12"E." -22.18 166.5 nebulosus Parnaby, 2002 NA NA New Caledonia Oceania Australasia/Oceania CR 0 0 0 Nyctophilus_nebulosus 0 sciname match Nyctophilus_nebulosus 0 IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022]. 136807 Nyctophilus nebulosus ANIMALIA CHORDATA MAMMALIA CHIROPTERA VESPERTILIONIDAE Nyctophilus nebulosus Parnaby, 2002 20000000 Nyctophilus nebulosus Critically Endangered B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,v); C2a(ii) 2020 2019-10-14 00:00:00 UTC 3.1 English New Caledonia Long-eared Bat is assessed as Critically Endangered under criteria B and C (CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,v); C2a(ii)) because it is has only been detected at a single location/site, with an area of occupancy (AOO) estimated at 4-8 kmÂ² and an extent of occurrence (EOO) estimated at 78 kmÂ² (5 km radius). The total number of adult individuals is estimated to be between 150â€“250 mature individuals. The global population is inferred to be declining as the landscape is highly fragmented, and there are contining declines in EOO, AOO, and quality of habitat. The New Caledonia Long-eared bat has been recorded from a clearing in tall rainforest; all collected at dusk (Parnaby 2002). Available tropical forest habitat for this species is threatened by deforestation (industrial logging), urban encroachment, and wild fires originating from human settlements (Parnaby 2002). ;Pressure on the Mount Koghis site also occurs in the form of high rates of human visitation (Parnaby 2002) to this remnant tract of undisturbed rainforest that is near NoumÃ©a and "which is surrounded by maquis and grassland (Flannery 1995). The species is only known from a few specimens on ;Mt Koghis, Grande Terre island ;(Parnaby 2002). ;A recent acoustic and mist-net study to ;document the New Caledonian long-eared bat on Mt Koghis failed to ;locate the species along a 1 km transect composed of 11 listening points surveyed twice a month during a year (186 listening points in total; ;Millon and Brescia 2017). ;The species is estimated to have between 150-250 mature individuals and global population is thought to be declining due to a continuing loss and degradation of its habitat. Decreasing This species is endemic to the island of New Caledonia, where it has only been recorded from Mount Koghis (one location), near NoumÃ©a (Flannery 1995, Parnaby 2002). Its area of occupancy (AOO) is estimated at 4-8 kmÂ² and its extent of occurrence (EOO) is estimated at 78 kmÂ² (5 km radius). The type locality is at 430 m asl. Terrestrial The species is known from the ;RÃ©serve naturelle de la VallÃ©e de la Thy. Protection of the Mount Koghis habitat and restoration of forests are needed. Further studies are critical into the species ecology, distribution, population, and threats to New Caledonia long-eared bat. Australasian FALSE FALSE Global Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 Vespertilionidae Nyctophilus nebulosus Parnaby 2002 0 Aust. Mammal. 1.038889 New Caledonian Long-eared Bat None. New Caledonia, NoumÃ©a, southwestern slopes of Mt. Koghis, 150 m N of Station d'Altitude car park, 22Â°10'37"S, 166Â°30'12"E, 430 m. Known only from NoumÃ©a area of New Caledonia. Not listed. Critically Endangered gouldi ? species group. In addition to the original description by Parnaby (2002 a ), see Flannery (1995 b ), who discussed this speciesunder its common name. Nyctophilus nebulosus 1005764 23 New Caledonian Long-eared Bat Theria Placentalia Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria CHIROPTERA VESPERTILIONIFORMES NA NA VESPERTILIONOIDEA Vespertilionidae VESPERTILIONINAE VESPERTILIONINI Nyctophilus NA nebulosus Parnaby 2002 0 Nyctophilus_nebulosus Parnaby, H. E. (2002). A new species of Long-eared bat (Nyctophilus: Vespertilionidae) from New Caledonia. Australian Mammalogy, 23(2), 116. AM M.23730 "Southwestern slopes of Mt Koghis, NoumÃ©a, New Caledonia, 22Â° 10' 37"S, 166Â° 30' 12"E." -22.1769 166.5033 nebulosus Parnaby, 2002 NA NA New Caledonia Oceania Australasia/Oceania CR 0 0 0 Nyctophilus_nebulosus 0 sciname match Nyctophilus_nebulosus 0 Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393 Nyctophilus_nebulosus 1005764 23 New Caledonian Long-eared Bat Theria Placentalia Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria Chiroptera Yangochiroptera NA NA Vespertilionoidea Vespertilionidae Vespertilioninae Vespertilionini Nyctophilus NA nebulosus Parnaby 0 Nyctophilus nebulosus Parnaby, H.E. 2002. A new species of long-eared bat (_Nyctophilus_: Vespertilionidae) from New Caledonia. Australian Mammalogy 23:115-124. https://doi.org/10.1071/AM01115 AM M.23730 holotype "Southwestern slopes of Mt Koghis, NoumÃ©a, New Caledonia, 22Â° 10' 37"S, 166Â° 30' 12"E." -22.1769 166.5033 NA NA New Caledonia Oceania (Continent) Australasia CR 0 0 0 Nyctophilus_nebulosus 0 sciname match Nyctophilus_nebulosus 0 Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586 Vespertilionidae Nyctophilus nebulosus Parnaby 2002 0 Aust. Mammal. 1.038889 New Caledonian Long-eared Bat None. New Caledonia, NoumÃ©a, southwestern slopes of Mt. Koghis, 150 m N of Station d'Altitude car park, 22Â°10'37"S, 166Â°30'12"E, 430 m. Known only from NoumÃ©a area of New Caledonia. Not Listed Critically Endangered gouldi? species group. In addition to the original description by Parnaby (2002a), see Flannery (1995b), who discussed this speciesunder its common name. Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505 NA Nyctophilus nebulosus; Nyctophilus nebulosus; Nyctophilus nebulosus; Nyctophilus nebulosus; Nyctophilus nebulosus; Nyctophilus nebulosus; nebulosus; Nyctophile de Nouvelle-Calédonie; Neukaledonien-Langohrfledermaus; Nictofilade Nueva Caledonia; New Caledonian Long-eared Bat; New Caledonian Long-eared Bat; New Caledonian Long-eared Bat; N. nebulosus