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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1095	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Nyctophilus microtis	Nyctophilus microtis	Nyctophilus microtis	Nyctophilus microtis	Nyctophilus microtis	Nyctophilus microtis	Nyctophilus microtis	Nyctophilus microtis	Nyctophilus microtis	Nyctophilus microtis	Nyctophilus microtis	Nyctophilus microtis	Nyctophilus microtis	Nyctophilus microtis	Nyctophilus microtis		[MSW2] Includes lophorhina as a synonym; see Hill and Koopman (1981).; [MSW3] Includes lophorhina; see Hill and Koopman (1981). Hill and Koopman (1981) tentatively recognized the three named forms as subspecies, but Koopman (1994) rejected this arrangement and did not recognize subspecies. See Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).; [HMW] Nyctophilus microtis Thomas, 1888 , “Sogere, South-east New Guinea [= Papua New Guinea].” Nyctophilus microtis is in the microtis group, which tentatively also includes N. walker . Nyctophilus macrotis probably is a species complex because there is excessive morphological variation among regionally sympatric forms. Up to three subspecies have been recognized (including bicolor and lophorhina). Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  microtis species group. Includes lophorhina ; see Hill and Koopman (1981). Hill and Koopman (1981) tentatively recognized the three named formsas subspecies, but Koopman (1994) rejected this arrangement and did not recognize subspecies. See Flannery (1995 a , b ) andBonaccorso (1998).; [IUCN] This species has not been subjected to recent taxonomic evaluation despite a significant amount of new collections. Populations south of the central range in Papua New Guinea display excessive morphological variation between regionally sympatric forms (K.P. Aplin, pers. obs.) and there is a strong likelihood that multiple species are represented.; [batnames2023]  microtis species group. Includes lophorhina ; see Hill and Koopman (1981). Hill and Koopman (1981) tentatively recognized the three named formsas subspecies, but Koopman (1994) rejected this arrangement and did not recognize subspecies. See Flannery (1995 a , b ) andBonaccorso (1998).; [batnames2025_1.7] microtisspecies group. Includes lophorhina; see Hill and Koopman (1981). Hill and Koopman (1981) tentatively recognized the three named formsas subspecies, but Koopman (1994) rejected this arrangement and did not recognize subspecies. See Flannery (1995a, b) andBonaccorso (1998).					(lophorhina)	bicolor, lophorhina.			bicolor, lophorhina			microtis 	microtis - bicolor, lophorhina	microtis, bicolor, lophorhina	This species has not been subjected to recent taxonomic evaluation despite a significant amount of new collections. Populations south of the central range in Papua New Guinea display excessive morphological variation between regionally sympatric forms (K.P. Aplin, pers. obs.) and there is a strong likelihood that multiple species are represented.	microtis 	microtis - bicolor, lophorhina	microtis, bicolor, lophorhina 	microtis, bicolor, lophorhinus	microtis 	microtis - bicolor, lophorhina	microtis O. Thomas, 1888|bicolor O. Thomas, 1915|lophorhinus (McKean & Calaby, 1968)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Papuan long-eared bat	SE New Guinea	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Nyctophilus microtis	Papua New Guinea, Central Prov., Astrolabe Range, Sogeri.	Thomas	1888	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 2:226.	Distribution: Known only from eastern New Guinea.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Papuan long-eared bat	SE New Guinea; ref. 4.96	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Thomas	1888	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 2:226.	Includes lophorhina as a synonym; see Hill and Koopman (1981).	E New Guinea.	Papua New Guinea, Central Prov., Astrolabe Range, Sogeri.		THOMAS	1888	Size fairly small (forearm length, 38-40 mm; condylobasal length, 13-15 mm). Noseleaves poorly developed. Band connecting ears (which are relatively short) absent or poorly developed. Teeth relatively large. Auditory bullae relatively small.	Distribution: Known only from eastern New Guinea.	No subspecies here recognized.		131	species	N. microtis	THOMAS	1888	Nyctophilus	genus	Nyctophilus microtis				Size fairly small (forearm length, 38-40 mm; condylobasal length, 13-15 mm). Noseleaves poorly developed. Band connecting ears (which are relatively short) absent or poorly developed. Teeth relatively large. Au- ditory bullae relatively small.	No subspecies here recognized.		2. N. microtis THOMAS 1888 (= lophorhina MCKEAN & CALABY 1968).	2	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Nyctophilini	Nyctophilus microtis	Nyctophilus		microtis	Thomas		1888		Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6	2		226		New Guinea Long-eared Bat	Papua New Guinea, Central Prov., Astrolabe Range, Sogeri.	Papua New Guinea including New Ireland.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	bicolor Thomas, 1915; lophorhina McKean and Calaby, 1968.	Includes lophorhina; see Hill and Koopman (1981). Hill and Koopman (1981) tentatively recognized the three named forms as subspecies, but Koopman (1994) rejected this arrangement and did not recognize subspecies. See Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).		Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0					Nyctophilus microtis	Vespertilionidae	Nyctophilus	microtis	Thomas	1888	French: Nyctophile & petites oreilles / German: Papua-Langohrfledermaus / Spanish: Nictofila de orejas pequenas Other common names: New Guinea Long-eared Bat, Small-eared Nyctophilus	Nyctophilus microtis Thomas, 1888 , “Sogere, South-east New Guinea [= Papua New Guinea].” Nyctophilus microtis is in the microtis group, which tentatively also includes N. walker . Nyctophilus macrotis probably is a species complex because there is excessive morphological variation among regionally sympatric forms. Up to three subspecies have been recognized (including bicolor and lophorhina). Monotypic.	Mostly in E New Guinea with one record in West Papua Province and one record each from Salawati and New Ireland Is; possibly on New Britain and SudestIs; there was a recent acoustic record from Manus I that probably is a member of this species complex, but this needs confirmation with a specimen, and the species is most likely widespread in W New Guinea.	Head-body 42-5-63 mm,tail 36-49 mm, ear 14-19-4 mm, hindfoot 7-10 mm, forearm 37-41-6 mm; weight 6-10-5 g. The Papuan Long-eared Bat has relatively large ears and unique simple noseleaf consisting of two ridges, one further on muzzle and another immediately above nostrils, with vertical groove in middle and furred trough between them. Dorsal pelage is medium brown (hairs bicolored blackish brown basally and medium brown distally); venter is pale brown. Wing membranes are blackish brown. Rostrum is short and blunt, with ridge across muzzle over nostrils thatis well developed with deep but thin medial notch. Ears are large and broad, with bluntly rounded tips, but are much smaller, narrower, and more tapered at tip compared with other species of Nyctophilus , have horizontal ribbing on inner surfaces, inward curved anterior edges, and smooth posterior edges (ears can fold back at top of thick part of anterior edge); interauricular membrane typical of genus is either missing or barely present and covered by fur; tragus is almost rectangular, being straight or very slightly convex on anterior margin. Glans penis consists of a pair of relatively small, narrow urethral lappets and subspherical distal nob, which is broad. Baculum has distinct distal notch, curves downward at base, is bifurcated basally, and is straight for rest of shaft. Skull is robust, tympanic bullae are small, and M?® and lower molars are not reduced.	Various forest types including lowland rainforests, hill forests, lower and upper montane forests, and secondary forests from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 2600 m (on mainland New Guinea). The Papuan Long-eared Bat is rarely recorded in heavily disturbed habitats or agricultural areas and is probably sensitive to habitat alteration.	Papuan Long-eared Bats are insectivorous, likely foraging on the ground and aerially.	Lactating Papuan Long-eared Bats have been captured in July in Sandaun Province, and a post-lactating female was captured in August near Madang.	Papuan Long-eared Bats are nocturnal and roost during the day predominantly in dried bamboo and otherfoliage; they have occasionally been found roosting on interior walls of caves. They probably enter torpor in extreme temperatures to save energy. Call shape is steep FM sweep, with characteristic frequency of ¢.40 kHz on New Guinea and ¢.55 kHz on Manus Island (if that recording represented this species).	Home range and Social organization. Papuan Long-eared Bats usually roost in small groups.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Papuan Long-eared Batis widespread across New Guinea and is the most commonly captured long-eared bat in New Guinea. Nevertheless, compared with other bats,it is captured relatively infrequently and might be less abundant than its relatives in Australia. Its only major threat could be large-scale forest clearing and conversion to monocultures becauseit is not found in most disturbed habitats.	Aplin & Armstrong (2017a), Armstrong & Aplin (2014), Armstrong, Novera & Aplin (2015), Bonaccor so (1998), Flannery (1995a, 1995b), Helgen, Opiang &Thomas (2009), Parnaby (2002a, 2009), Robson et al. (2012).	https://zenodo.org/record/6398510 https://zenodo.org/record/6398510#.YySt-XbMLIU	85. Papuan Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus microtis French: Nyctophile & petites oreilles / German: Papua-Langohrfledermaus / Spanish: Nictofila de orejas pequenas Other common names: New Guinea Long-eared Bat, Small-eared Nyctophilus Taxonomy. Nyctophilus microtis Thomas, 1888 , “Sogere, South-east New Guinea [= Papua New Guinea].” Nyctophilus microtis is in the microtis group, which tentatively also includes N. walker . Nyctophilus macrotis probably is a species complex because there is excessive morphological variation among regionally sympatric forms. Up to three subspecies have been recognized (including bicolor and lophorhina). Monotypic. Distribution. Mostly in E New Guinea with one record in West Papua Province and one record each from Salawati and New Ireland Is; possibly on New Britain and SudestIs; there was a recent acoustic record from Manus I that probably is a member of this species complex, but this needs confirmation with a specimen, and the species is most likely widespread in W New Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 42-5-63 mm,tail 36-49 mm, ear 14-19-4 mm, hindfoot 7-10 mm, forearm 37-41-6 mm; weight 6-10-5 g. The Papuan Long-eared Bat has relatively large ears and unique simple noseleaf consisting of two ridges, one further on muzzle and another immediately above nostrils, with vertical groove in middle and furred trough between them. Dorsal pelage is medium brown (hairs bicolored blackish brown basally and medium brown distally); venter is pale brown. Wing membranes are blackish brown. Rostrum is short and blunt, with ridge across muzzle over nostrils thatis well developed with deep but thin medial notch. Ears are large and broad, with bluntly rounded tips, but are much smaller, narrower, and more tapered at tip compared with other species of Nyctophilus , have horizontal ribbing on inner surfaces, inward curved anterior edges, and smooth posterior edges (ears can fold back at top of thick part of anterior edge); interauricular membrane typical of genus is either missing or barely present and covered by fur; tragus is almost rectangular, being straight or very slightly convex on anterior margin. Glans penis consists of a pair of relatively small, narrow urethral lappets and subspherical distal nob, which is broad. Baculum has distinct distal notch, curves downward at base, is bifurcated basally, and is straight for rest of shaft. Skull is robust, tympanic bullae are small, and M?® and lower molars are not reduced. Habitat. Various forest types including lowland rainforests, hill forests, lower and upper montane forests, and secondary forests from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 2600 m (on mainland New Guinea). The Papuan Long-eared Bat is rarely recorded in heavily disturbed habitats or agricultural areas and is probably sensitive to habitat alteration. Food and Feeding. Papuan Long-eared Bats are insectivorous, likely foraging on the ground and aerially. Breeding. Lactating Papuan Long-eared Bats have been captured in July in Sandaun Province, and a post-lactating female was captured in August near Madang. Activity patterns. Papuan Long-eared Bats are nocturnal and roost during the day predominantly in dried bamboo and otherfoliage; they have occasionally been found roosting on interior walls of caves. They probably enter torpor in extreme temperatures to save energy. Call shape is steep FM sweep, with characteristic frequency of ¢.40 kHz on New Guinea and ¢.55 kHz on Manus Island (if that recording represented this species). Movements, Home range and Social organization. Papuan Long-eared Bats usually roost in small groups. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Papuan Long-eared Batis widespread across New Guinea and is the most commonly captured long-eared bat in New Guinea. Nevertheless, compared with other bats,it is captured relatively infrequently and might be less abundant than its relatives in Australia. Its only major threat could be large-scale forest clearing and conversion to monocultures becauseit is not found in most disturbed habitats. Bibliography. Aplin & Armstrong (2017a), Armstrong & Aplin (2014), Armstrong, Novera & Aplin (2015), Bonaccor so (1998), Flannery (1995a, 1995b), Helgen, Opiang &Thomas (2009), Parnaby (2002a, 2009), Robson et al. (2012).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Nyctophilus microtis	Nyctophilus		microtis	Thomas	1888	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 6, 2: 226	New Guinea Long-eared Bat	 bicolor Thomas, 1915; lophorhina McKean and Calaby, 1968.	Papua New Guinea, Central Prov., Astrolabe Range, Sogeri.	Papua New Guinea including New Ireland.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 microtis species group. Includes lophorhina ; see Hill and Koopman (1981). Hill and Koopman (1981) tentatively recognized the three named formsas subspecies, but Koopman (1994) rejected this arrangement and did not recognize subspecies. See Flannery (1995 a , b ) andBonaccorso (1998).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Nyctophilus microtis	23	Papuan Long-eared Bat	New Guinea Long-eared Bat|Small-eared Nyctophilus	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	VESPERTILIONINI	Nyctophilus	NA	microtis	O. Thomas	1888	0	Nyctophilus_microtis	Thomas, O. (1888). Description of a new bat of the genus Nyctophilus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, 2, 226.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81046#page/238/mode/1up	BM 1888.4.14.1		"Sogere, South-east New Guinea [= Papua New Guinea]."			microtis O. Thomas, 1888|bicolor O. Thomas, 1915|lophorhina (McKean & Calaby, 1968)	NA	NA	Indonesia|Papua New Guinea	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Nyctophilus_microtis	0	sciname match	Nyctophilus_microtis	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	15008	Nyctophilus microtis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Nyctophilus	microtis	Thomas, 1888	This species has not been subjected to recent taxonomic evaluation despite a significant amount of new collections. Populations south of the central range in Papua New Guinea display excessive morphological variation between regionally sympatric forms (K.P. Aplin, pers. obs.) and there is a strong likelihood that multiple species are represented.	200000000	Nyctophilus microtis	Least Concern		2021	2016-07-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	<p>This species is listed as Least Concern (LC) in view of its relatively wide distribution and the lack of major known threats. Once the taxonomic complexity within the group is resolved, the individual species will need to be reassessed.</p>	<p>It is found in forest across a wide elevational range including lowland rainforest, hill forest, and both lower and upper montane forests, and also in secondary forests. There are no records from heavily disturbed or converted habitats, and possibly none from monoculture plantations such as oil palm. The species roosts in small groups in foliage, including dried bamboo, or in caves (though is not commonly encountered in this context). </p>	<p>The only major threat to this species could be large scale forest clearance and conversion to monoculture plantation. </p>	<p>This is the most commonly captured Nyctophilus species in New Guinea. Even so, in most parts of New Guinea it is captured infrequently either by mist net or harp trap, and may be genuinely less abundant than many congeners are in Australia. The acoustic echolocation calls have been documented from captured individuals at multiple localities (Robson et al . 2012; Armstrong and Aplin 2014) but they are low energy calls that are almost certainly underrepresented on passive acoustic recordings.</p>	Stable	<p>Nyctophilus microtis is reported from numerous localities on the island of New Guinea—many in Papua New Guinea, but only one from Papua Province of Indonesia, and by single records each from Salawati Island to the west (Indonesia), New Britain and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea) to the east, and possibly from Sudest Island (Papua New Guinea) to the southeast (Flannery 1995a,b; Bonaccorso 1998). A recent acoustic record from Manus Island (Papua New Guinea) is likely to represent a member of this species complex (Armstrong et al . 2015) but this requires confirmation through capture. It is likely that the species occurs more widely in Papua Province, Indonesia, New Guinea. On the main island of New Guinea it ranges from sea level to 2,600 m Asl. </p>		Terrestrial	<p>It has been recorded from Crater Wildlife Management Area and in or near to Variata National Park on the Sogeri Plateau. Once the taxonomic complexity within the group is resolved, the conservation status of the component species will need to be reassessed.</p>	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Nyctophilus		microtis	Thomas	1888	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 6, 2: 226	New Guinea Long-eared Bat	 bicolor Thomas, 1915; lophorhina McKean and Calaby, 1968.	Papua New Guinea, Central Prov., Astrolabe Range, Sogeri.	Papua New Guinea including New Ireland.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 microtis species group. Includes lophorhina ; see Hill and Koopman (1981). Hill and Koopman (1981) tentatively recognized the three named formsas subspecies, but Koopman (1994) rejected this arrangement and did not recognize subspecies. See Flannery (1995 a , b ) andBonaccorso (1998).	Nyctophilus microtis	1005763	23	Papuan Long-eared Bat	New Guinea Long-eared Bat|Small-eared Nyctophilus	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	VESPERTILIONINI	Nyctophilus	NA	microtis	O. Thomas	1888	0	Nyctophilus_microtis	Thomas, O. (1888). Description of a new bat of the genus Nyctophilus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, 2, 226.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81046#page/238/mode/1up	BM 1888.4.14.1		"Sogere, South-east New Guinea [= Papua New Guinea]."			microtis O. Thomas, 1888|bicolor O. Thomas, 1915|lophorhina (McKean & Calaby, 1968)	NA	NA				Indonesia|Papua New Guinea	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Nyctophilus_microtis	0	sciname match	Nyctophilus_microtis	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Nyctophilus_microtis	1005763	23	Papuan Long-eared Bat	New Guinea Long-eared Bat|Small-eared Nyctophilus	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Vespertilionini	Nyctophilus	NA	microtis	O. Thomas	0	Nyctophilus microtis	Thomas, O. 1888-09-01. Description of a new bat of the genus _Nyctophilus_. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6)2(9):226.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25123274	BMNH:Mamm:1888.4.14.1	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/8f213f71-c6be-426e-ba0e-13777cfa3d4e	"Sogere, South-east New Guinea [= Papua New Guinea]."			NA	NA				Indonesia|Papua New Guinea	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Nyctophilus_microtis	0	sciname match	Nyctophilus_microtis	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Nyctophilus		microtis	Thomas	1888	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 6, 2: 226	New Guinea Long-eared Bat	bicolor Thomas, 1915; lophorhina McKean and Calaby, 1968.	Papua New Guinea, Central Prov., Astrolabe Range, Sogeri.	Papua New Guinea including New Ireland.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15008/209536224/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	microtisspecies group. Includes lophorhina; see Hill and Koopman (1981). Hill and Koopman (1981) tentatively recognized the three named formsas subspecies, but Koopman (1994) rejected this arrangement and did not recognize subspecies. See Flannery (1995a, b) andBonaccorso (1998).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Nyctophilus microtis; Nyctophilus microtis; Nyctophilus microtis; Nyctophilus microtis; Nyctophilus microtis; bicolor; lophorhina; bicolor; lophorhina; microtis; bicolor; lophorhina; French: Nyctophile & petites oreilles / German: Papua-Langohrfledermaus / Spanish: Nictofila de orejas pequenas Other common names: New Guinea Long-eared Bat; Small-eared Nyctophilus; Papuan Long-eared Bat; New Guinea Long-eared Bat; Small-eared Nyctophilus; New Guinea Long-eared Bat; New Guinea Long-eared Bat; N. microtis