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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1087	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	Nyctophilus bifax [synonym of]	N/A	Nyctophilus gouldi [synonym of]	Nyctophilus gouldi daedalus	Nyctophilus bifax daedalus	Nyctophilus daedalus	Nyctophilus daedalus	Nyctophilus daedalus	Nyctophilus daedalus	Nyctophilus daedalus	Nyctophilus daedalus	Nyctophilus daedalus	Nyctophilus daedalus	Nyctophilus daedalus		[HMW] Nyctophilus daedalus Thomas, 1915 , Daly River, Northern Territory , Australia . Nyctophilus daedalus is tentatively in the major group, although it is morphologically distinctive. It has generally been included as a subspecies of N. bifax , but morphological data have recently demonstrated distinction of the two species. There are three morphotypes currently included under N. daedalus that might be distinct taxa: one in north-western Western Australia , one in Pilbara and the Kimbedey region, and one in the Kimberley region, Northern Territory , and north-western Queensland (but not all regions have been sampled). Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  major ? species group. Distinct from bifax; see Parnaby (2009).; [MDD2022] split from N. bifax; [batnames2023]  major ? species group. Distinct from bifax; see Parnaby (2009).; [MDD2023] split from N. bifax; [MDD2025_2.0] split from N. bifax; [batnames2025_1.7] major? species group. Distinct from bifax; see Parnaby (2009).; [MDD2025_2.2] split from N. bifax														daedalus				daedalus 	daedalus 			daedalus O. Thomas, 1915						N/A																																								NA																											4C3D87E8FFD76A69FA5590CB1C38BF7D	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	802	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FFD76A69FA5590CB1C38BF7D.xml	Nyctophilus daedalus	Vespertilionidae	Nyctophilus	daedalus	Thomas	1915	Nyctophile dédale @fr | Fahle Langohrfledermaus @de | Nictofilapalido @es | Artful Long-eared Bat @en | Northern Long-eared Bat @en	Nyctophilus daedalus Thomas, 1915 , Daly River, Northern Territory , Australia . Nyctophilus daedalus is tentatively in the major group, although it is morphologically distinctive. It has generally been included as a subspecies of N. bifax , but morphological data have recently demonstrated distinction of the two species. There are three morphotypes currently included under N. daedalus that might be distinct taxa: one in north-western Western Australia , one in Pilbara and the Kimbedey region, and one in the Kimberley region, Northern Territory , and north-western Queensland (but not all regions have been sampled). Monotypic.	NW & NE Western Australia , N Northern Territory (including Melville I), and NW Queensland , W & N Australia .	Head—body 45-57 mm,tail 40-45 mm, ear 20-5-25-8 mm, forearm 38-44 mm (males) and 40-46 (females); weight 7-6-14 g. Based on forearm length, females are slightly larger than males. The Pallid L.ong-eared Bat has very large ears and unique simple noseleaf consisting of two ridges, one further on muzzle and another immediately above nostrils, with vertical groove in middle and furred trough between them. Dorsal pelage is medium pale sandy brown; venteris lighter brown. Rostrum,ears, and wing membranes are medium grayish brown. Rostrum is short and blunt, with ridge across muzzle over nostrils that is low and broad, with slight vertical groove. Ears are very large and broad, with bluntly rounded tips, horizontal ribbing on inner surfaces, inward curved anterior edges, and smooth posterior edges (ears can fold back at top of thick part of anterior edge); large and furred interauricular band crosses forehead between ears; tragus is small and bluntly rounded attip, being convex on anterior margin. Glans penis has comparatively large urethral lappets, and distal part is simple and lacks any protrusions. Baculum is 3-2-3-9 mm long, with moderately thin shaft that widens centrally in dorsal view;tip is bluntly rounded, and base is strongly bifurcated;in lateral view, baculum is curved downward at base, but shaft is straight to pointed tip. Skull is robust and relatively broader than in the Western Long-eared Bat ( NN . major ); rostrum is short, broad, and robust; basisphenoid pits are moderate to deep; sagittal and lambdoidal crests are moderately developed; M* and lower molars are extremely reduced; and M,is smaller and more reduced than in the Eastern Long-eared Bat (N. bifax ).	Preferring wet habitats such as moon forests and riverine Melaleuca ( Myrtaceae ) forests but also open woodlands and tall open forests from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 400 m . Most records of Pallid Long-eared Bats are from less than 300 m from the coast.	Pallid Long-eared Bats use perch-hunting to catch its prey by capturing it aerially or gleaning it off foliage. They tend to forage within and below the canopyand along edges of denser forests and adjacent woodlands. Although theyare a slow flier compared with other bats, they are faster and more direct fliers than other species of Nyctophilus . In the Top End region, they fed almost exclusively on beetles (78% by volume) and cicadas (22%).	Pregnant Pallid Long-eared Bats with near term twin embryos were captured in late September, lactating females in October-November, and males with enlarged testes in April and September—October.	Pallid L.ong-eared Bats are nocturnal and leave roosts around dusk. They spend the day roosting under soft and peeling bark of Melaleuca trees, in tree hollows, at bases of Pandanus ( Pandanaceae ) leaves, and in foliage. Call shapeis very steep FM sweep, with peak frequencies of 50-54 kHz (mean 52-4 kHz), which allows detection of details in texture of their immediate surroundings (e.g. camouflaged moth on a leaf) butis less useful in detecting speed and direction offlying prey, indicating gleaning is the primarily foraging mode of prey capture. Echolocation calls cannot be easily differentiated from other long-eared bats.	No information.	Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. The Pallid Long-eared Bat is included under the Eastern Long-eared Bat, which is classified as Least Concern. The Pallid Long-eared Bat is probably most threatened by habitat destruction and fragmentation, but it has a fairly wide distribution.	Bullen & McKenzie (2002a) | Churchill (2008) | Churchill et al. (1984) | Milne et al. (2016) | Parnaby (1987, 2009) | Parnaby & Churchill (2008)	https://zenodo.org/record/6397940/files/figure.png	81. Pallid Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus daedalus French: Nyctophile dédale / German: Fahle Langohrfledermaus / Spanish: Nictofila palido Other common names: Artful Long-eared Bat , Northern Long-eared Bat Taxonomy. Nyctophilus daedalus Thomas, 1915 , Daly River, Northern Territory , Australia . Nyctophilus daedalus is tentatively in the major group, although it is morphologically distinctive. It has generally been included as a subspecies of N. bifax , but morphological data have recently demonstrated distinction of the two species. There are three morphotypes currently included under N. daedalus that might be distinct taxa: one in north-western Western Australia , one in Pilbara and the Kimbedey region, and one in the Kimberley region, Northern Territory , and north-western Queensland (but not all regions have been sampled). Monotypic. Distribution. NW & NE Western Australia , N Northern Territory (including Melville I), and NW Queensland , W & N Australia . Descriptive notes. Head—body 45-57 mm,tail 40-45 mm, ear 20-5-25-8 mm, forearm 38-44 mm (males) and 40-46 (females); weight 7-6-14 g. Based on forearm length, females are slightly larger than males. The Pallid L.ong-eared Bat has very large ears and unique simple noseleaf consisting of two ridges, one further on muzzle and another immediately above nostrils, with vertical groove in middle and furred trough between them. Dorsal pelage is medium pale sandy brown; venteris lighter brown. Rostrum,ears, and wing membranes are medium grayish brown. Rostrum is short and blunt, with ridge across muzzle over nostrils that is low and broad, with slight vertical groove. Ears are very large and broad, with bluntly rounded tips, horizontal ribbing on inner surfaces, inward curved anterior edges, and smooth posterior edges (ears can fold back at top of thick part of anterior edge); large and furred interauricular band crosses forehead between ears; tragus is small and bluntly rounded attip, being convex on anterior margin. Glans penis has comparatively large urethral lappets, and distal part is simple and lacks any protrusions. Baculum is 3-2-3-9 mm long, with moderately thin shaft that widens centrally in dorsal view;tip is bluntly rounded, and base is strongly bifurcated;in lateral view, baculum is curved downward at base, but shaft is straight to pointed tip. Skull is robust and relatively broader than in the Western Long-eared Bat ( NN . major ); rostrum is short, broad, and robust; basisphenoid pits are moderate to deep; sagittal and lambdoidal crests are moderately developed; M* and lower molars are extremely reduced; and M,is smaller and more reduced than in the Eastern Long-eared Bat (N. bifax ). Habitat. Preferring wet habitats such as moon forests and riverine Melaleuca ( Myrtaceae ) forests but also open woodlands and tall open forests from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 400 m . Most records of Pallid Long-eared Bats are from less than 300 m from the coast. Food and Feeding. Pallid Long-eared Bats use perch-hunting to catch its prey by capturing it aerially or gleaning it off foliage. They tend to forage within and below the canopyand along edges of denser forests and adjacent woodlands. Although theyare a slow flier compared with other bats, they are faster and more direct fliers than other species of Nyctophilus . In the Top End region, they fed almost exclusively on beetles (78% by volume) and cicadas (22%). Breeding. Pregnant Pallid Long-eared Bats with near term twin embryos were captured in late September, lactating females in October-November, and males with enlarged testes in April and September—October. Activity patterns. Pallid L.ong-eared Bats are nocturnal and leave roosts around dusk. They spend the day roosting under soft and peeling bark of Melaleuca trees, in tree hollows, at bases of Pandanus ( Pandanaceae ) leaves, and in foliage. Call shapeis very steep FM sweep, with peak frequencies of 50-54 kHz (mean 52-4 kHz), which allows detection of details in texture of their immediate surroundings (e.g. camouflaged moth on a leaf) butis less useful in detecting speed and direction offlying prey, indicating gleaning is the primarily foraging mode of prey capture. Echolocation calls cannot be easily differentiated from other long-eared bats. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. The Pallid Long-eared Bat is included under the Eastern Long-eared Bat, which is classified as Least Concern. The Pallid Long-eared Bat is probably most threatened by habitat destruction and fragmentation, but it has a fairly wide distribution. Bibliography. Bullen & McKenzie (2002a), Churchill (2008), Churchill et al. (1984), Milne et al. (2016), Parnaby (1987, 2009), Parnaby & Churchill (2008).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Nyctophilus daedalus	Nyctophilus		daedalus	Thomas	1915	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 8, 15: 498	Artful Long-Eared Bat	None.	Australia, Northern Territory, Daly River	N Australia	Not listed.	Least Concern	 major ? species group. Distinct from bifax; see Parnaby (2009).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Nyctophilus daedalus	23	Pallid Long-eared Bat	Artful Long-eared Bat|Northern Long-eared Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	VESPERTILIONINI	Nyctophilus	NA	daedalus	O. Thomas	1915	0	Nyctophilus_daedalus	Thomas, O. (1915). Notes on the genus Nyctophilus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 8, 15, 498.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/78262#page/510/mode/1up	BM 1897.4.12.8		Daly River, Northern Territory, Australia.			daedalus O. Thomas, 1915	split from N. bifax	Parnaby, H. E. (2009). A taxonomic review of Australian Greater Long-eared Bats previously known as Nyctophilus timoriensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and some associated taxa. Australian Zoologist, 35(1), 39-81.	Australia	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Nyctophilus_daedalus	0	unmatched	NA	1	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	90000000	Nyctophilus daedalus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Nyctophilus	daedalus	Thomas, 1915		90000000	Nyctophilus daedalus	Least Concern		2020	2019-08-15 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Nyctophilus daedalus is assessed as Least Concern even though it is dependent on mature, long-unburnt rainforests, riparian forests and swamp forests many of which, for the last century, have been extensively thinned by feral stock-grazing and/or frequent, extensive bushfires. It may be declining, but there are no data indicating a rate &gt;10% in 16.2 years (3 generations; GL = 5.6 years based on GL of similar species in Pacifici et al. 2013).	<span class="datalabel1">Nctophilus Daedalus has been recorded from tropical rainforest, paper bark swamps, and riparian forest and woodland (e.g. Milne 2006). It roosts communally in hollow trees, tree crevices, under peeling bark and in dense foliage. It hunts in cluttered air spaces in the tree canopy, at shrub height and around the sides of understory thickets using slow, fluttering flight (ca. 5.6 m s<sup>-1</sup>) and gentle banking turns, wing-over turns and sometimes hovering as it gleans surfaces for insects and spiders (McKenzie and Bullen 2009, 2012). It also ambushes passing airborne insects from a perch. <span lang="EN-AU">Over 10 individuals have caught in single nights in adjacent mistnets soon after dusk in small patches of paperbark forest at Weeli Wolli Spring and Millstream (Pilbara) and at Kookhabinna Creek (Gascoyne).</span>	<span class="datalabel1">The primary threats to the species include the loss and degradation of its forest habitats due to grazing by stock and inappropriate fire regimes.	The species is inferred to have a population decline based on a declining habitat quality and loss. There are no data indicating a rate &gt;10% in 16.2 years (3 generations; GL = 5.6 years based on GL of similar species in Pacifici et al. 2013).	Decreasing	<span class="datalabel1">The species has an extensive but patchy tropical distribution through western Queensland, northern regions of the Northern Territory, and the Pilbara and Kimberley of Western Australia. Specifically, the Gascoyne, Pilbara, Dampierland, Northern Kimberley, Central Kimberley, Victoria-Bonaparte, Darwin Coastal, Arnhem Plateau, Arnhem Coast, Central Arnhem and Gulf Coastal bioregions.	There is no known value in trading or commercial use of this species.<span class="datalabel1">	Terrestrial	This species occurs in large conservation reserves scattered throughout its geographic range, including Kakadu, Drysdale, Mitchell River, Prince Regent, Millstream and Karijini National Parks, Coulomb Point Nature Reserve and King Leopold Ranges Conservation Park. Research is needed to assess the species population status and trends, ecology, and threats.	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Nyctophilus		daedalus	Thomas	1915	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 8, 15: 498	Artful Long-Eared Bat	None.	Australia, Northern Territory, Daly River	N Australia	Not listed.	Least Concern	 major ? species group. Distinct from bifax; see Parnaby (2009).	Nyctophilus daedalus	1005756	23	Pallid Long-eared Bat	Artful Long-eared Bat|Northern Long-eared Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	VESPERTILIONINI	Nyctophilus	NA	daedalus	O. Thomas	1915	0	Nyctophilus_daedalus	Thomas, O. (1915). Notes on the genus Nyctophilus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 8, 15, 498.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/78262#page/510/mode/1up	BM 1897.4.12.8		Daly River, Northern Territory, Australia.			daedalus O. Thomas, 1915	split from N. bifax	Parnaby, H. E. (2009). A taxonomic review of Australian Greater Long-eared Bats previously known as Nyctophilus timoriensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and some associated taxa. Australian Zoologist, 35(1), 39-81.				Australia	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Nyctophilus_daedalus	0	unmatched	NA	1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Nyctophilus_daedalus	1005756	23	Pallid Long-eared Bat	Artful Long-eared Bat|Northern Long-eared Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Vespertilionini	Nyctophilus	NA	daedalus	O. Thomas	0	Nyctophilus daedalus	Thomas, O. 1915-05-01. Notes on the genus _Nyctophilus_. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8)15(89):493-499.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/24256068	BMNH:Mamm:1897.4.12.8	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/12b49aee-ca21-4a2d-9091-a7b39187a0e9	Daly River, Northern Territory, Australia.			split from N. bifax	Parnaby, H. E. (2009). A taxonomic review of Australian Greater Long-eared Bats previously known as Nyctophilus timoriensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and some associated taxa. Australian Zoologist, 35(1), 39-81.				Australia	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Nyctophilus_daedalus	0	unmatched	NA	1	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Nyctophilus		daedalus	Thomas	1915	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 8, 15: 498	Artful Long-Eared Bat	None.	Australia, Northern Territory, Daly River	N Australia	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/85289826/85289849/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	major? species group. Distinct from bifax; see Parnaby (2009).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Nyctophilus daedalus; Nyctophilus daedalus; Nyctophilus daedalus; Nyctophilus daedalus; Nyctophilus daedalus; daedalus; Nyctophile dédale; Fahle Langohrfledermaus; Nictofilapalido; Artful Long-eared Bat; Northern Long-eared Bat; Pallid Long-eared Bat; Artful Long-eared Bat; Northern Long-eared Bat; Artful Long-Eared Bat; N. daedalus