http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format	name_CH1_1980	name_MSW1_1982	name_CH3_1991	name_MSW2_1993	name_Koopman_1994	name_MSW3_2005	name_HMW_2019	name_BatNames_2022	name_MDD_2022	name_IUCN_2022	name_BatNames_2023	name_MDD_2023	name_MDD_2025_2.0	name_batnames_2025_1.7	name_MDD_2025_2.2	column151	taxonomic_notes_concatenated	column171	synonyms_CH1	subspecies__MSW2	synonyms__MSW1	synonyms_CH3	synonyms_MSW2	subspecies_Koopman94_interpreted	subspecies_MSW3_interpreted	synonym_MSW3_interpreted	subspecies_HMW_interpreted	synonym_HMW_interpreted	subspecies_batnames_interpreted	synonym_batnames_interpreted	synonym_MDD_interpreted	synonym_IUCN_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2025_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2025_interpreted	synonyms_batnames2025_interpreted	nominalNames	column391	docOrigin_CH1	commonName_CH1	distribution_CH1	docOrigin_MSW1	column451	typeLocality_MSW1	authority_MSW1	year_MSW1	citation_MSW1	distribution	comment_MSW1	docOrigin_CH3	commonName_CH3	distribution_CH3	docOrigin_MSW2	authority_MSW2	year_MSW2	citation_MSW2	comments_MSW2	distribution_MSW2	typeLocality_MSW2	docOrigin_Koopman94	authority_Koopman94	year_Koopman94	description_Koopman94	distribution_Koopman94	diversity_Koopman94	subspecies_Koopman94	page	rank	name	authority	year	parent	parent_rank	corrected_name	actual_species_count	claimed_species_count	dental_formula	description	diversity	full_subspecies_text	name_line	species_index	subspecies	synonym	text	docOrigin_MSW3	order_MSW3	family_MSW3	subfamily_MSW3	tribe_MSW3	name_MSW3	genus_MSW3	subgenus_MSW3	species_MSW3	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MSW3	(parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)_MSW3	authoritySpeciesYear_MSW3	actualDate_MSW3	citation_MSW3	volume_MSW3	issue_MSW3	pages_MSW3	type_species_MSW3	commonName_MSW3	typeLocality_MSW3	distribution_MSW3	status_MSW3	synonym_MSW3	comments_MSW3	docId_HMW	docOrigin_HMW	docISBN_HMW	docName_HMW	docMasterId_HMW	docPageNumber_HMW	derivedFrom_HMW	name_HMW	family_HMW	genus_HMW	species_HMW	authoritySpeciesAuthor_HMW	authoritySpeciesYear	commonNames_HMW	taxonomy_HMW	subspeciesAndDistribution_HMW	descriptiveNotes_HMW	habitat_HMW	foodAndFeeding_HMW	breeding_HMW	activityPatterns_HMW	movementsHomeRangeAndSocialOrganization_HMW	statusAndConservation_HMW	bibliography_HMW	distributionImageURL_HMW	verbatimText_HMW	docOrigin_batnames	family_batnames	name_batnames	genus_batnames	subgenus_batnames	species_batnames	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames	date_batnames	parentheses_batnames (1=author & date in parentheses)	citation_batnames	docPageNumber_batnames	common Name_batnames	synonyms_batnames	type_locality_batnames	Distribution_batnames	CITES_batnames	IUCN_batnames	comments_batnames	docOrigin_MDD	name_MDD	phylosort_MDD	mainCommonName_MDD	otherCommonNames_MDD	subclass_MDD	infraclass_MDD	magnorder_MDD	superorder_MDD	order_MDD	suborder_MDD	infraorder_MDD	parvorder_MDD	superfamily_MDD	family_MDD	subfamily_MDD	tribe_MDD	genus_MDD	subgenus_MDD	specificEpithet_MDD	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD	authorityParentheses_MDD	originalNameCombination_MDD	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD	holotypeVoucher_MDD	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD	typeLocality_MDD	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD	nominalNames_MDD	taxonomyNotes_MDD	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD	countryDistribution_MDD	continentDistribution_MDD	biogeographicRealm_MDD	iucnStatus_MDD	extinct_MDD	domestic_MDD	flagged_MDD	CMW_sciName_MDD	diffSinceCMW_MDD	MSW3_matchtype_MDD	MSW3_sciName_MDD	diffSinceMSW3_MDD	docOrigin_IUCN	internalTaxonId_IUCN	NAME_IUCN	kingdomName_IUCN	phylumName_IUCN	className_IUCN	orderName_IUCN	familyName_IUCN	genusName_IUCN	speciesName_IUCN	authoritySpeciesAuthorYear_IUCN	taxonomicNotes_IUCN	assessmentId_IUCN	scientificName_IUCN	redlistCategory_IUCN	redlistCriteria_IUCN	yearPublished_IUCN	assessmentDate_IUCN	criteriaVersion_IUCN	language_IUCN	rationale_IUCN	habitat_IUCN	threats_IUCN	population_IUCN	populationTrend_IUCN	range_IUCN	useTrade_IUCN	systems_IUCN	conservationActions_IUCN	realm_IUCN	yearLastSeen_IUCN	possiblyExtinct_IUCN	possiblyExtinctInTheWild_IUCN	scopes_IUCN	docOrigin_batnames2023	FAMILY_batnames2023	GENUS_batnames2023	SUBGENUS_batnames2023	SPECIES_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesYearbatnames2023	PARENTHESES_batnames2023 (1=AUTHOR & DATE IN PARENTHESES)	CITATION_batnames2023	PAGES_batnames2023	COMMON NAME_batnames2023	SYNONYMS_batnames2023	TYPE LOCALITY_batnames2023	DISTRIBUTION_batnames2023	CITES_batnames2023	IUCN_batnames2023	COMMENTS_batnames2023	name MDD2023	id_MDD2023	phylosort_MDD2023	mainCommonName_MDD2023	otherCommonNames_MDD2023	subclass_MDD2023	infraclass_MDD2023	magnorder_MDD2023	superorder_MDD2023	order_MDD2023	suborder_MDD2023	infraorder_MDD2023	parvorder_MDD2023	superfamily_MDD2023	Family_mdd2023	subfamily_MDD2023	tribe_MDD2023	genus_MDD2023	subgenus_MDD2023	specificEpithet_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD2023	authorityParentheses_MDD2023	originalNameCombination_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD2023	holotypeVoucher_MDD2023	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD2023	typeLocality_MDD2023	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD2023	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD2023	nominalNames_MDD2023	taxonomyNotes_MDD2023	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD2023	distributionNotes_MDD2023	distributionNotesCitation_MDD2023	subregionDistribution_MDD2023	countryDistribution_MDD2023	continentDistribution_MDD2023	biogeographicRealm_MDD2023	iucnStatus_MDD2023	extinct_MDD2023	domestic_MDD2023	flagged_MDD2023	CMW_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceCMW_MDD2023	MSW3_matchtype_MDD2023	MSW3_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceMSW3_MDD2023	docOrigin_MDD2025	sciName	id	phylosort	mainCommonName	otherCommonNames	subclass	infraclass	magnorder	superorder	order	suborder	infraorder	parvorder	superfamily	family	subfamily	tribe	genus	subgenus	specificEpithet	authoritySpeciesAuthor	authorityParentheses	originalNameCombination	authoritySpeciesCitation	authoritySpeciesLink	typeVoucher	typeKind	typeVoucherURIs	typeLocality	typeLocalityLatitude	typeLocalityLongitude	taxonomyNotes	taxonomyNotesCitation	distributionNotes	distributionNotesCitation	subregionDistribution	countryDistribution	continentDistribution	biogeographicRealm	iucnStatus	extinct	domestic	flagged	CMW_sciName	diffSinceCMW	MSW3_matchtype	MSW3_sciName	diffSinceMSW3	docOrigin_batnames2025	Family	Genus	Subgenus	Species	Author	Date	Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1076	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Tadarida laticaudata	Nyctinomops laticaudatus	Tadarida laticaudata	Nyctinomops laticaudatus	Nyctinomops laticaudatus	Nyctinomops laticaudatus	Nyctinomops laticaudatus	Nyctinomops laticaudatus	Nyctinomops laticaudatus	Nyctinomops laticaudatus	Nyctinomops laticaudatus	Nyctinomops laticaudatus	Nyctinomops laticaudatus	Nyctinomops laticaudatus	Nyctinomops laticaudatus		[MSW2] Includes yucatanicus, europs, and gracilis; see Silva-Taboada and Koopman (1964:3, 4) and Freeman (1981:162).; [MSW3] Includes yucatanicus, europs, and gracilis; see Silva-Taboada and Koopman (1964), Freeman (1981), and Avila-Flores et al. (2002). Includes espiritosantensis, see Zortéa and Taddei (1995) and Avila-Flores et al. (2002). Note that the correct spelling for the specific epithet in combination with Nyctinomops is laticaudatus (not laticaudata) because the generic name is masculine. Reviewed by Avila-Flores et al. (2002).; [HMW] Molossus laticaudatus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1805 , Asuncion , Paraguay . Subspecific taxonomy and precise distribution are unsettled. Five subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Observed in Costa Rica; see York et al. 2020. Unvouchered in Honduras (Turcios-Casco et al., 2020). Includes yucatanicus , europs , and gracilis ; see Silva-Taboada and Koopman (1964), Freeman (1981), and Avila-Floreset al. (2002). Includes espiritosantensis , see Zortéa and Taddei (1995) and Avila-Flores et al. (2002). Note that the correct spelling for the specific epithet in combination with Nyctinomops is laticaudatus (not laticaudata ) because the generic name is masculine. Reviewed by Avila-Flores et al. (2002).; [IUCN] This species includes yucatanicus , europs ;and gracilis ; see Freeman (1981), and Avila-Flores et al. (2002). It includes espiritosantensis , see Zortéa and Taddei (1995) and Avila-Flores et al . (2002). Note that the correct spelling for the specific epithet in combination with Nyctinomops is laticaudatus (not laticaudata ) because the generic name is masculine. It was reviewed by Avila-Flores et al . (2002).; [batnames2023] Observed in Costa Rica; see York et al. 2020. Unvouchered in Honduras (Turcios-Casco et al., 2020). Includes yucatanicus , europs , and gracilis ; see Silva-Taboada and Koopman (1964), Freeman (1981), and Avila-Floreset al. (2002). Includes espiritosantensis , see Zortéa and Taddei (1995) and Avila-Flores et al. (2002). Note that the correct spelling for the specific epithet in combination with Nyctinomops is laticaudatus (not laticaudata ) because the generic name is masculine. Reviewed by Avila-Flores et al. (2002).; [batnames2025_1.7] Observed in Costa Rica; see York et al. 2020. Unvouchered in Honduras (Turcios-Casco et al., 2020). Includes yucatanicus, europs, and gracilis; see Silva-Taboada and Koopman (1964), Freeman (1981), and Avila-Floreset al. (2002). Includes espiritosantensis, see Zortéa and Taddei (1995) and Avila-Flores et al. (2002). Note that the correct spelling for the specific epithet in combination with Nyctinomops is laticaudatus (not laticaudata) because the generic name is masculine. Reviewed by Avila-Flores et al. (2002).				yucatanicus, europs, gracilis	(gracilis) (yucatanica) (europs)	caecus, europs, ferruginea, gracilis, macarenensis, yucatanica.	ferruginea, yucatanica, europs, macarenensis, laticaudatus	laticaudatus, europs, ferruginea, macarenensis, yucatanicus	caecus, espiritosantensis, gracilis	laticaudatus, europs, ferrugineus, gracilis, yucatanicus		laticaudatus, europs, ferruginea, macarenensis, yucatanicus	laticaudatus - caecus, espiritosantensis, gracilis	laticaudatus, caecus, gracilis, europs, yucatanicus, espiritosantensis, macarenensis	This species includes yucatanicus , europs ;and gracilis ; see Freeman (1981), and Avila-Flores et al. (2002). It includes espiritosantensis , see Zortéa and Taddei (1995) and Avila-Flores et al . (2002). Note that the correct spelling for the specific epithet in combination with Nyctinomops is laticaudatus (not laticaudata ) because the generic name is masculine. It was reviewed by Avila-Flores et al . (2002).	laticaudatus, europs, ferruginea, macarenensis, yucatanicus	laticaudatus - caecus, espiritosantensis, gracilis	laticaudatus, caecus, gracilis, europs, yucatanicus, espiritosantensis, macarenensis	laticaudatus, caecus, gracilis, europs, yucatanicus, espiritosantensis, ferrugineus, macarenensis	europs, ferruginea, laticaudatus, macarenensis, yucatanicus	laticaudatus - caecus, espiritosantensis, gracilis	laticaudatus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1805)|caecus (Rengger, 1830)|gracilis (J. A. Wagner, 1843)|coecus (A. Murray, 1866) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|europs (H. Allen, 1889)|yucatanicus G. S. Miller, 1902|espiritosantensis (Ruschi, 1951)|ferrugineus (G. G. Goodwin, 1954)|macarenensis (Barriga-Bonilla, 1965)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Broad-tailed bat	NE Mexico – Venezuela – Paraguay; Cuba	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Nyctinomops laticaudatus	Paraguay, Asuncion.	E. Geoffroy	1805	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 6:156.	Distribution: Ranging from northeastern Mexico to northwestern Peru, northern Argentina, and eastern Brazil, including Trinidad and Cuba.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Broad-tailed bat (? espiritosantensis)	NE Mexico – Venezuela – N Argentina, Cuba, Trinidad; refs. 4.60, 61	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	E. Geoffroy	1805	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 6:156.	Includes yucatanicus, europs, and gracilis; see Silva-Taboada and Koopman (1964:3, 4) and Freeman (1981:162).	Tamaulipas and Jalisco (Mexico) to NW Peru, N Argentina, and Brazil; Trinidad; Cuba.	Paraguay, Asuncion.		GEOFFROY	1805	Ears well joined. Anterior upper premolar somewhat reduced. Upper lip wrinkles relatively numerous. Size relatively small (forearm length, 39-47 mm).	Distribution: Ranging from northeastern Mexico to northwestern Peru, northern Argentina, and eastern Brazil, including Trinidad and Cuba.	Five subspecies are here recognized:	N. l. ferruginea (northeastern and southwestern Mexico), N. l. yucatanica (Cuba and southeastern Mexico at least to Panama and perhaps to northwestern Peru), N. l. europs (lowlands from eastern Colombia, Trinidad, and Suriname to northern Brazil and Bolivia), N. l. macarenensis (Macarena mountains in central Colombia and perhaps Mount Roraima in extreme northern Brazil), N. l. laticaudatus (southern Brazil to northern Argentina).	142	species	N. laticaudatus	GEOFFROY	1805	Nyctinomops	genus	Nyctinomops laticaudatus				Ears well joined. An- terior upper premolar somewhat reduced. Upper lip wrinkles relatively numerous. Size relatively small (forearm length, 39-47 mm).	Five subspecies are here recognized:		2. N. laticaudatus (GEOFFROY 1805) (= espiritosantensis RUSCHI 1951).	2	_N. l. europs_ (Allen, 1889) (synonyms: _macarenensis_ (Barriga-Bonilla, 1965)); _N. l. ferrugineus_ (Goodwin, 1954); _N. l. gracilis_ (Wagner, 1843) (synonyms: _espiritosantensis_ (Ruschi, 1951)); _N. l. laticaudatus_ (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1805) (synonyms: _caecus_ (Rengger, 1830)); _N. l. yucatanicus_ Miller, 1902			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Molossidae	Molossinae		Nyctinomops laticaudatus	Nyctinomops		laticaudatus	E. Geoffroy	y	1805		Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	6		156		Broad-eared Free-tailed Bat	Paraguay, Asunción.	Tamaulipas and Jalisco (Mexico) to Venezuela and the Guianas, NW Peru, Bolivia, N Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil; Trinidad; Cuba.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	caecus Rengger, 1830; espiritosantensis Ruschi, 1951 [see discussion of availability in Pine and Ruschi, 1976]; gracilis Wagner, 1843; europs H. Allen, 1889; ferruginea Goodwin, 1954; macarenensis Barriga-Bonilla, 1965; yucatanicus Miller, 1902.	Includes yucatanicus, europs, and gracilis; see Silva-Taboada and Koopman (1964), Freeman (1981), and Avila-Flores et al. (2002). Includes espiritosantensis, see Zortéa and Taddei (1995) and Avila-Flores et al. (2002). Note that the correct spelling for the specific epithet in combination with Nyctinomops is laticaudatus (not laticaudata) because the generic name is masculine. Reviewed by Avila-Flores et al. (2002).	194287C9FFAEBA03B185FDA3B773F6A8	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf	hash://md5/e57bffb1ffbcba10b412f760b226ffce	637	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/19/42/87/194287C9FFAEBA03B185FDA3B773F6A8.xml	Nyctinomops laticaudatus	Molossidae	Nyctinomops	laticaudatus		1805	Nyctinomope des rochers @fr | Grof3ohr-Bulldogfledermaus @de | Nycténimo de orejas anchas @es | Broad-eared Bat @en | Broad-tailed Bat @en | Espirito Santo Free-tailed Bat @en | Geoffroy's Free-tailed Bat @en	Molossus laticaudatus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1805 , Asuncion , Paraguay . Subspecific taxonomy and precise distribution are unsettled. Five subspecies recognized.	N. L laticaudatus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1805 — S Bolivia , Paraguay , S Brazil , N Argentina , and N Uruguay . N. l. europs H. Allen, 1889 — E Colombia , Venezuela , the Guianas, N Brazil , E Peru , and N Bolivia ; also Trinidad I. N. L ferrugineus G. G. Goodwin, 1954 — Mexico ( Durango and S Tamaulipas to Guerrero ). N. L. gracilis Wagner, 1843 — E Brazil . On following pages: 46. Big Free-tailed Bat ( Nyctinomops macrotis ); 47. Equatorial Dog-faced Bat ( Cabreramops aequatorianus temminckii ); 50. Freeman's Dog-faced Bat ( Cynomops freemani); 51. Mexican Dog-faced Bat ( Cynomops mexicanus 54. Greenhall’s Dog-faced Bat ( Cynomops greenhall); 55. Thomas's Dog-faced Bat ( Cynomops mastivus ); 56. Miller's); 48. Rufous Dog-faced Bat ( Molossops neglectus ); 49. Dwarf Dog-faced Bat ( Molossops ); 52. Southern Dog-faced Bat ( Cynomops planirostris ); 53. Cinnamon Dog-faced Bat ( Cynomops abrasus ); Dog-faced Bat ( Cynomops milleri ); 57. Waorani Dog-faced Bat ( Cynomops tonkigui ). N. I. yucatanicus G. S. Miller, 1902 — Cuba , SE Mexico (Oaxaca to Yucatan Peninsula), Guatemala , Belize , Honduras , El Salvador , Panama , W Colombia , W Ecuador , and NW Peru .	Head-body 50-68 mm, tail 32-48 mm, ear 15-21 mm, hindfoot 7-12 mm, forearm 40-47 mm; weight 9-16 g. Subspecies in south ( laticaudatus ) and north of distribution (ferrugineus) are larger than the others. Dorsal pelage is short (4-5 mm), dark chocolate-brown, with base of hair white; ventral pelage is paler with slight frosting on tips; partial albinism has been reported in Brazil . Ears are large and rounded, with small bumps on anterior surface; these are connected over forehead and extend past tip of nose. Upperlip is wrinkled and overhangs lower lip. Nose is upturned with well-defined nostrils. Wing membranes have no hair and are semi-transparent. Skull has poorly to moderately developed sagittal crest and deep basisphenoid pits. A narrow gap separates the premaxillae. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 48 and FN = 58 or 64.	Found in many tropical and subtropical habitats, including wet forest, cloud forest, dry forest, deciduous forest, thorn forest, pine-oak forest, scrubland, savanna, and palm swamps. It also occurs in disturbed habitats and urban areas. Elevational range is from sea level up to 1700 m , but primarily below 500 m .	Insects eaten and found in the digestive tracts were predominantly beetles ( Coleoptera ), taken in flight, and some moths ( Lepidoptera ).	Pregnant females have been documented from March to July and in September. Lactating females were found from June to August. In the northern parts of the distribution, females are seasonally monoestrous, with parturition synchronous during the rainy season from late June to earlyJuly.	The Broad-eared Free-tailed Bat is not as closely dependent on sunset as other species of molossids. Average emergence time from the roost was 42 minutes after sunset, and bats remained active over the next ten hours. The species has been found to roost in rock crevices, among tightly packed dead leaves, cracks in trees, and in Mayan ruins. It is only known to roost in caves in north-eastern Mexico and typically near the brighter entrance, in colonies of ¢.1000 bats. It has also adapted to roosting in man-made structures. The search-phase echolocation call structure has a QCF with a downward modulation that can alternate among three frequencies averaging 26-7 kHz, 28-7 kHz, and 32-4 kHz. Owls, American kestrels (Falco sparverius), and snakes are known to prey on this species.	Resident colonies are formed throughout the year, but populations may fluctuate from 50 to 1000 individuals and philopatry is low. Other species of bats have been found in the same roosts, including Parnell’s Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus parnellii), the Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus), the Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus jamaicensis), the Great Fruit-eating Bat (A. lLturatus), the Lesser Antillean Funnel-eared Bat ( Natalus stramineus), the Least Little Mastiff Bat ( Mormopterus minutus ), Wagner's Bonneted Bat ( Eumops glaucinus ), Peale’s Free-tailed Bat ( Nyctinomops aurispinosus ), the Pocketed Free-tailed Bat (N. femorosaccus ), the Brazilian Free-tailed Bat ( Tadarida brasiliensis ), and the Common Black Myotis ( Myotis nigricans ).	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Broadeared Free-tailed Bat can be common in Mexico , but is rare in most other parts ofits patchy distribution.	Arita (2014d) | Avila-Flores et al. (2002) | Barquez & Diaz (2001) | Costa etal. (2011) | Eger (2008) | Geiger & Pacheco (2006) | Mikula et al. (2016) | Ortega et al. (2010) | Reid (1997) | Silva-Taboada (1979) | Sudman et al. (1994)	https://zenodo.org/record/6567780/files/figure.png	45. Broad-eared Free-tailed Bat Nyctinomops laticaudatus French: Nyctinomope des rochers / German: Grof3ohr-Bulldogfledermaus / Spanish: Nycténimo de orejas anchas Other common names: Broad-eared Bat , Broad-tailed Bat , Espirito Santo Free-tailed Bat , Geoffroy's Free-tailed Bat Taxonomy. Molossus laticaudatus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1805 , Asuncion , Paraguay . Subspecific taxonomy and precise distribution are unsettled. Five subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. N. L laticaudatus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1805 — S Bolivia , Paraguay , S Brazil , N Argentina , and N Uruguay . N. l. europs H. Allen, 1889 — E Colombia , Venezuela , the Guianas, N Brazil , E Peru , and N Bolivia ; also Trinidad I. N. L ferrugineus G. G. Goodwin, 1954 — Mexico ( Durango and S Tamaulipas to Guerrero ). N. L. gracilis Wagner, 1843 — E Brazil . On following pages: 46. Big Free-tailed Bat ( Nyctinomops macrotis ); 47. Equatorial Dog-faced Bat ( Cabreramops aequatorianus temminckii ); 50. Freeman's Dog-faced Bat ( Cynomops freemani); 51. Mexican Dog-faced Bat ( Cynomops mexicanus 54. Greenhall’s Dog-faced Bat ( Cynomops greenhall); 55. Thomas's Dog-faced Bat ( Cynomops mastivus ); 56. Miller's); 48. Rufous Dog-faced Bat ( Molossops neglectus ); 49. Dwarf Dog-faced Bat ( Molossops ); 52. Southern Dog-faced Bat ( Cynomops planirostris ); 53. Cinnamon Dog-faced Bat ( Cynomops abrasus ); Dog-faced Bat ( Cynomops milleri ); 57. Waorani Dog-faced Bat ( Cynomops tonkigui ). N. I. yucatanicus G. S. Miller, 1902 — Cuba , SE Mexico (Oaxaca to Yucatan Peninsula), Guatemala , Belize , Honduras , El Salvador , Panama , W Colombia , W Ecuador , and NW Peru . Descriptive notes. Head-body 50-68 mm, tail 32-48 mm, ear 15-21 mm, hindfoot 7-12 mm, forearm 40-47 mm; weight 9-16 g. Subspecies in south ( laticaudatus ) and north of distribution (ferrugineus) are larger than the others. Dorsal pelage is short (4-5 mm), dark chocolate-brown, with base of hair white; ventral pelage is paler with slight frosting on tips; partial albinism has been reported in Brazil . Ears are large and rounded, with small bumps on anterior surface; these are connected over forehead and extend past tip of nose. Upperlip is wrinkled and overhangs lower lip. Nose is upturned with well-defined nostrils. Wing membranes have no hair and are semi-transparent. Skull has poorly to moderately developed sagittal crest and deep basisphenoid pits. A narrow gap separates the premaxillae. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 48 and FN = 58 or 64. Habitat. Found in many tropical and subtropical habitats, including wet forest, cloud forest, dry forest, deciduous forest, thorn forest, pine-oak forest, scrubland, savanna, and palm swamps. It also occurs in disturbed habitats and urban areas. Elevational range is from sea level up to 1700 m , but primarily below 500 m . Food and Feeding. Insects eaten and found in the digestive tracts were predominantly beetles ( Coleoptera ), taken in flight, and some moths ( Lepidoptera ). Breeding. Pregnant females have been documented from March to July and in September. Lactating females were found from June to August. In the northern parts of the distribution, females are seasonally monoestrous, with parturition synchronous during the rainy season from late June to earlyJuly. Activity patterns. The Broad-eared Free-tailed Bat is not as closely dependent on sunset as other species of molossids. Average emergence time from the roost was 42 minutes after sunset, and bats remained active over the next ten hours. The species has been found to roost in rock crevices, among tightly packed dead leaves, cracks in trees, and in Mayan ruins. It is only known to roost in caves in north-eastern Mexico and typically near the brighter entrance, in colonies of ¢.1000 bats. It has also adapted to roosting in man-made structures. The search-phase echolocation call structure has a QCF with a downward modulation that can alternate among three frequencies averaging 26-7 kHz, 28-7 kHz, and 32-4 kHz. Owls, American kestrels (Falco sparverius), and snakes are known to prey on this species. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Resident colonies are formed throughout the year, but populations may fluctuate from 50 to 1000 individuals and philopatry is low. Other species of bats have been found in the same roosts, including Parnell’s Common Mustached Bat (Pteronotus parnellii), the Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus), the Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus jamaicensis), the Great Fruit-eating Bat (A. lLturatus), the Lesser Antillean Funnel-eared Bat ( Natalus stramineus), the Least Little Mastiff Bat ( Mormopterus minutus ), Wagner's Bonneted Bat ( Eumops glaucinus ), Peale’s Free-tailed Bat ( Nyctinomops aurispinosus ), the Pocketed Free-tailed Bat (N. femorosaccus ), the Brazilian Free-tailed Bat ( Tadarida brasiliensis ), and the Common Black Myotis ( Myotis nigricans ). Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Broadeared Free-tailed Bat can be common in Mexico , but is rare in most other parts ofits patchy distribution. Bibliography. Arita (2014d), Avila-Flores et al. (2002), Barquez & Diaz (2001), Costa etal. (2011), Eger (2008), Geiger & Pacheco (2006), Mikula et al. (2016), Ortega et al. (2010), Reid (1997), Silva-Taboada (1979), Sudman et al. (1994).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Molossidae	Nyctinomops laticaudatus	Nyctinomops		laticaudatus	E. Geoffroy	1805	1	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	0.3583	Broad-eared Free-tailed Bat	 caecus Rengger, 1830; espiritosantensis Ruschi, 1951 [see discussion of availability in Pine and Ruschi, 1976]; gracilis Wagner, 1843; <b>europs</b> H. Allen, 1889; <b>ferruginea</b> Goodwin, 1954; <b> macarenensis </b> Barriga-Bonilla, 1965; <b> yucatanicus </b> Miller, 1902.	Paraguay, Asunción.	Tamaulipas and Jalisco (Mexico) to Venezuela and the Guianas, NW Peru, Bolivia, N Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil; Trinidad; Cuba.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Observed in Costa Rica; see York et al. 2020. Unvouchered in Honduras (Turcios-Casco et al., 2020). Includes yucatanicus , europs , and gracilis ; see Silva-Taboada and Koopman (1964), Freeman (1981), and Avila-Floreset al. (2002). Includes espiritosantensis , see Zortéa and Taddei (1995) and Avila-Flores et al. (2002). Note that the correct spelling for the specific epithet in combination with Nyctinomops is laticaudatus (not laticaudata ) because the generic name is masculine. Reviewed by Avila-Flores et al. (2002).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Nyctinomops laticaudatus	23	Broad-eared Free-tailed Bat	Broad-eared Bat|Broad-tailed Bat|Espirito Santo Free-tailed Bat|Geoffroy's Free-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	MOLOSSIDAE	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Nyctinomops	NA	laticaudatus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1805	1						Asunción, Paraguay.			laticaudatus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1805)|caecus (Rengger, 1830)|gracilis (J. A. Wagner, 1843)|europs (H. Allen, 1889)|yucatanicus G. S. Miller, 1902|espiritosantensis (Ruschi, 1951)|macarenensis (Barriga-Bonilla, 1965)	NA	NA	Cuba|Mexico|Guatemala|Belize|Honduras|El Salvador|Panama|Colombia|Ecuador|Peru|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Brazil|Bolivia|Paraguay|Uruguay|Argentina	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Nyctinomops_laticaudatus	0	sciname match	Nyctinomops_laticaudatus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	14995	Nyctinomops laticaudatus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MOLOSSIDAE	Nyctinomops	laticaudatus	(É. Geoffroy, 1805)	This species includes yucatanicus , europs ;and gracilis ; see Freeman (1981), and Avila-Flores et al. (2002). It includes espiritosantensis , see Zortéa and Taddei (1995) and Avila-Flores et al . (2002). Note that the correct spelling for the specific epithet in combination with Nyctinomops is laticaudatus (not laticaudata ) because the generic name is masculine. It was reviewed by Avila-Flores et al . (2002).	20000000	Nyctinomops laticaudatus	Least Concern		2015	2015-07-20 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category.	It occupies diverse tropical and subtropical habitats. It has also been captured in disturbed and urban areas (Avila-Flores et al. 2002). It is insectivorous. It is found up to 1,500 m asl (Reid 1997).	There are no major threats.	This species may form resident colonies throughout the year, in some cases in stable numbers, although population dynamics are complex, and phylopatry is low (Avila-Flores et al.  2002). It is rare or uncommon throughout most of its geographic range. However, it is relatively common in some areas, especially within the Yucatan Peninsula (Jones ;et al. ;1973, ;Bowles et al.  1990).	Unknown	This species is found from Tamaulipas and Jalisco (Mexico) to Venezuela and the Guianas, northwest Peru, Bolivia, northern Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, Trinidad and Cuba (Simmons 2005). The known distribution has been extended to include northern Uruguay (Gonzalez 2001). There has been expansion of the range in southern Argentina according to Barquez et al.  (2006). There are no records for Nicaragua or Costa Rica.	This species is not used.	Terrestrial	It is found within several protected areas.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Molossidae	Nyctinomops		laticaudatus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1805	1	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	0.358333	Broad-eared Free-tailed Bat	 caecus Rengger, 1830; espiritosantensis Ruschi, 1951 [see discussion of availability in Pine and Ruschi, 1976]; gracilis Wagner, 1843; <b>europs</b> H. Allen, 1889; <b>ferruginea</b> Goodwin, 1954; <b> macarenensis </b> Barriga-Bonilla, 1965; <b> yucatanicus </b> Miller, 1902.	Paraguay, Asunción.	Tamaulipas and Jalisco (Mexico) to Venezuela and the Guianas, NW Peru, Bolivia, N Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil; Trinidad; Cuba.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Observed in Costa Rica; see York et al. 2020. Unvouchered in Honduras (Turcios-Casco et al., 2020). Includes yucatanicus , europs , and gracilis ; see Silva-Taboada and Koopman (1964), Freeman (1981), and Avila-Floreset al. (2002). Includes espiritosantensis , see Zortéa and Taddei (1995) and Avila-Flores et al. (2002). Note that the correct spelling for the specific epithet in combination with Nyctinomops is laticaudatus (not laticaudata ) because the generic name is masculine. Reviewed by Avila-Flores et al. (2002).	Nyctinomops laticaudatus	1005236	23	Broad-eared Free-tailed Bat	Broad-eared Bat|Broad-tailed Bat|Espirito Santo Free-tailed Bat|Geoffroy's Free-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Molossidae	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Nyctinomops	NA	laticaudatus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1805	1						Asunción, Paraguay.			laticaudatus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1805)|caecus (Rengger, 1830)|gracilis (J. A. Wagner, 1843)|europs (H. Allen, 1889)|yucatanicus G. S. Miller, 1902|espiritosantensis (Ruschi, 1951)|macarenensis (Barriga-Bonilla, 1965)	NA	NA				Cuba|Mexico|Guatemala|Belize|Honduras|El Salvador|Panama|Colombia|Ecuador|Peru|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Brazil|Bolivia|Paraguay|Uruguay|Argentina	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Nyctinomops_laticaudatus	0	sciname match	Nyctinomops_laticaudatus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Nyctinomops_laticaudatus	1005236	23	Broad-eared Free-tailed Bat	Broad-eared Bat|Broad-tailed Bat|Espirito Santo Free-tailed Bat|Geoffroy's Free-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Molossidae	Molossinae	NA	Nyctinomops	NA	laticaudatus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1	Molossus laticaudatus	Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. 1805-03-21. Note sur une petite famille de chauve-souris d'Amérique, désignée sous le nom générique de Molossus. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société philomatique de Paris (1791-1805) 3(96):278-279.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5495417				Asunción, Paraguay.			NA	NA				Cuba|Mexico|Guatemala|Belize|Honduras|El Salvador|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Ecuador|Peru|Venezuela|Trinidad and Tobago|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Brazil|Bolivia|Paraguay|Uruguay|Argentina	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Nyctinomops_laticaudatus	0	sciname match	Nyctinomops_laticaudatus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Molossidae	Nyctinomops		laticaudatus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1805	1	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	0.358333	Broad-eared Free-tailed Bat	caecus Rengger, 1830; espiritosantensis Ruschi, 1951 [see discussion of availability in Pine and Ruschi, 1976]; gracilis Wagner, 1843; europs H. Allen, 1889; ferruginea Goodwin, 1954; macarenensis Barriga-Bonilla, 1965; yucatanicus Miller, 1902.	Paraguay, Asunción	Tamaulipas and Jalisco (Mexico) to Venezuela and the Guianas, NW Peru, Bolivia, N Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil; Trinidad; Cuba	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14995/22011208/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Observed in Costa Rica; see York et al. 2020. Unvouchered in Honduras (Turcios-Casco et al., 2020). Includes yucatanicus, europs, and gracilis; see Silva-Taboada and Koopman (1964), Freeman (1981), and Avila-Floreset al. (2002). Includes espiritosantensis, see Zortéa and Taddei (1995) and Avila-Flores et al. (2002). Note that the correct spelling for the specific epithet in combination with Nyctinomops is laticaudatus (not laticaudata) because the generic name is masculine. Reviewed by Avila-Flores et al. (2002).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Nyctinomops laticaudatus; Nyctinomops laticaudatus; Nyctinomops laticaudatus; Nyctinomops laticaudatus; Nyctinomops laticaudatus; Nyctinomops laticaudatus; laticaudatus; europs; ferruginea; macarenensis; yucatanicus; caecus; espiritosantensis; gracilis; laticaudatus; europs; ferrugineus; gracilis; yucatanicus; europs; ferruginea; macarenensis; yucatanicus; caecus; espiritosantensis; gracilis; laticaudatus; caecus; gracilis; europs; yucatanicus; espiritosantensis; macarenensis; Nyctinomope des rochers; Grof3ohr-Bulldogfledermaus; Nycténimo de orejas anchas; Broad-eared Bat; Broad-tailed Bat; Espirito Santo Free-tailed Bat; Geoffroy's Free-tailed Bat; Broad-eared Free-tailed Bat; Broad-eared Bat; Broad-tailed Bat; Espirito Santo Free-tailed Bat; Geoffroy's Free-tailed Bat; Broad-eared Free-tailed Bat; Broad-eared Free-tailed Bat; Nyctionomops laticaudatus; N. laticaudatus