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(1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1075	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Tadarida femorosacca	Nyctinomops femorosaccus	Tadarida femorosacca	Nyctinomops femorosaccus	Nyctinomops femorosaccus	Nyctinomops femorosaccus	Nyctinomops femorosaccus	Nyctinomops femorosaccus	Nyctinomops femorosaccus	Nyctinomops femorosaccus	Nyctinomops femorosaccus	Nyctinomops femorosaccus	Nyctinomops femorosaccus	Nyctinomops femorosaccus	Nyctinomops femorosaccus		[MSW2] See Kumirai and Jones (1990, Mammalian Species, 349).; [MSW3] See Kumirai and Jones (1990).; [HMW] Nyctinomus femorosaccus Merriam, 1889 , “Agua Caliente [= Palm Springs], Colorado Desert [Riverside County], California ,” USA . This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022] See Kumirai and Jones (1990).; [batnames2023] See Kumirai and Jones (1990).; [batnames2025_1.7] See Kumirai and Jones (1990).														femorosaccus				femorosaccus 	femorosaccus 			femorosaccus (C. H. Merriam, 1889)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Pocketed free-tailed bat	S USA – S Mexico	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Nyctinomops femorosaccus	U.S.A., California, Riverside Co., Palm Springs.	Merriam	1889	N. Am. Fauna, 2:23.	Distribution: Confined to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Pocketed free-tailed bat	SW USA – S Mexico	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Merriam	1889	N. Am. Fauna, 2:23.	See Kumirai and Jones (1990, Mammalian Species, 349).	Guerrero (Mexico) to New Mexico, Arizona, California (USA) and Baja California (Mexico).	USA, California, Riverside Co., Palm Springs.		MERRIAM	1889	Ears barely joined. Basisphenoid pits relatively shallow. Anterior upper premolar relatively large. Upper lip wrinkles relatively few. Size fairly small (forearm length, 45-50 mm).	Distribution: Confined to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.	No subspecies.		142	species	N. femorosaccus	MERRIAM	1889	Nyctinomops	genus	Nyctinomops femorosaccus				Ears barely joined. Basisphenoid pits relatively shallow. Anterior upper premolar relatively large. Upper lip wrinkles relatively few. Size fairly small (forearm length, 45-50 mm).	No subspecies.		1. N. femorosaccus (MERRIAM 1889).	1	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Molossidae	Molossinae		Nyctinomops femorosaccus	Nyctinomops		femorosaccus	Merriam	y	1889		N. Am. Fauna	2		23		Pocketed Free-tailed Bat	USA, California, Riverside Co., Palm Springs.	Guerrero (Mexico) to New Mexico, Arizona, California (USA) and Baja California (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).		See Kumirai and Jones (1990).	194287C9FFAEBA02B185F49AB413F5B4	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf	hash://md5/e57bffb1ffbcba10b412f760b226ffce	637	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/19/42/87/194287C9FFAEBA02B185F49AB413F5B4.xml	Nyctinomops femorosaccus	Molossidae	Nyctinomops	femorosaccus	Merriam	1889	Nyctinomope a poche @fr | Taschen-Bulldogfledermaus @de | Nycténimo de bolsillos @es	Nyctinomus femorosaccus Merriam, 1889 , “Agua Caliente [= Palm Springs], Colorado Desert [Riverside County], California ,” USA . This species is monotypic.	SW USA (S California , C & S Arizona , extreme S New Mexico , and SW Texas ) S to W Mexico ( Guerrero , Morelos , and Puebla ).	Head—body 60-75 mm, tail 31-47 mm, ear 19-24 mm, hindfoot 8-12 mm, forearm 44-49 mm; weight 11-18 g. Females are slightly smaller than males in cranial dimensions. Furis short; dorsal pelage is brown with white bases, and ventral pelage is slightly paler. Ears are large, thick, and leathery, and anteriorly united at bases of inner margins. A small rectangular tragus is present. Wings are long and narrow. A membranous sac is present between uropatagium and leg; it is also present to varying degrees in other species in the genus. Tail extends well beyond edge of uropatagium. Gular gland is well developed in adult males. Crown of M' has anterior width nearly equal to posterior width. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 48 and FN = 58.	Dry tropical and subtropical habitats of deciduous forest, thorny forest, and scrubland, from sea level to 2250 m elevation.	Primary food item of the Pocketed Free-tailed Bat in June and July is moths ( Lepidoptera ), but in March and September is bugs ( Hemiptera ). Beetles ( Coleoptera ) are also common in its diet. To a lesser extent, terrestrial insects such as orthopterans are probably captured at roost sites.	Pregnant females have been documented from the USA in April, June, and July, which suggests that there is only one young born per year. Lactating females were found in July, and subadults in August, in Texas .	Pocketed Free-tailed Bats typically leave their roosts well after dark, an average of 45 minutes after sunset. They roost in rock crevices, in granite boulders, cliffs, and caves, and also in buildings and under rooftiles. Owls and snakes are known to prey on this species.	The Pocketed Free-tailed Bat roosts in colonies of up to 60 individuals. In California , it has been reported occupying the narrower upper end of a large granite boulder crevice while Western Bonneted Bats ( Eumops perotis ) were found in the wider lower end.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust.	Arita (2014c) | Easterla & Whitaker (1972) | Kumirai & Jones (1990) | Matthews et al. (2010) | Warner et al. (1974)	https://zenodo.org/record/6418399/files/figure.png	44. Pocketed Free-tailed Bat Nyctinomops femorosaccus French: Nyctinomope a poche / German: Taschen-Bulldogfledermaus / Spanish: Nycténimo de bolsillos Taxonomy. Nyctinomus femorosaccus Merriam, 1889 , “Agua Caliente [= Palm Springs], Colorado Desert [Riverside County], California ,” USA . This species is monotypic. Distribution. SW USA (S California , C & S Arizona , extreme S New Mexico , and SW Texas ) S to W Mexico ( Guerrero , Morelos , and Puebla ). Descriptive notes. Head—body 60-75 mm, tail 31-47 mm, ear 19-24 mm, hindfoot 8-12 mm, forearm 44-49 mm; weight 11-18 g. Females are slightly smaller than males in cranial dimensions. Furis short; dorsal pelage is brown with white bases, and ventral pelage is slightly paler. Ears are large, thick, and leathery, and anteriorly united at bases of inner margins. A small rectangular tragus is present. Wings are long and narrow. A membranous sac is present between uropatagium and leg; it is also present to varying degrees in other species in the genus. Tail extends well beyond edge of uropatagium. Gular gland is well developed in adult males. Crown of M' has anterior width nearly equal to posterior width. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 48 and FN = 58. Habitat. Dry tropical and subtropical habitats of deciduous forest, thorny forest, and scrubland, from sea level to 2250 m elevation. Food and Feeding. Primary food item of the Pocketed Free-tailed Bat in June and July is moths ( Lepidoptera ), but in March and September is bugs ( Hemiptera ). Beetles ( Coleoptera ) are also common in its diet. To a lesser extent, terrestrial insects such as orthopterans are probably captured at roost sites. Breeding. Pregnant females have been documented from the USA in April, June, and July, which suggests that there is only one young born per year. Lactating females were found in July, and subadults in August, in Texas . Activity patterns. Pocketed Free-tailed Bats typically leave their roosts well after dark, an average of 45 minutes after sunset. They roost in rock crevices, in granite boulders, cliffs, and caves, and also in buildings and under rooftiles. Owls and snakes are known to prey on this species. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Pocketed Free-tailed Bat roosts in colonies of up to 60 individuals. In California , it has been reported occupying the narrower upper end of a large granite boulder crevice while Western Bonneted Bats ( Eumops perotis ) were found in the wider lower end. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust. Bibliography. Arita (2014c), Easterla & Whitaker (1972), Kumirai & Jones (1990), Matthews et al. (2010), Warner et al. (1974).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Molossidae	Nyctinomops femorosaccus	Nyctinomops		femorosaccus	Merriam	1889	1	N. Am. Fauna	2:23	Pocketed Free-tailed Bat	None.	USA, California, Riverside Co., Palm Springs.	Guatemala, Guerrero (Mexico) to New Mexico, Arizona, California (USA) and Baja California (Mexico).	Not listed.	Least Concern	See Kumirai and Jones (1990).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Nyctinomops femorosaccus	23	Pocketed Free-tailed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	MOLOSSIDAE	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Nyctinomops	NA	femorosaccus	Merriam	1889	1	Nyctinomus_femorosaccus	Merriam, C. H. (1889). Description of a New Species of Free-tailed Bat from the Desert Region of Southern California. North American Fauna, 2, 23.	https://meridian.allenpress.com/naf/article/doi/10.3996/nafa.2.0007/163976/DESCRIPTION-OF-A-NEW-SPECIES-OF-FREE-TAILED-BAT	USNM 186447		"Agua Caliente [= Palm Springs], Colorado Desert [Riverside County], California," USA.			femorosaccus (Merriam, 1889)	NA	NA	United States|Mexico|Guatemala	North America	Nearctic	LC	0	0	0	Nyctinomops_femorosaccus	0	sciname match	Nyctinomops_femorosaccus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	14994	Nyctinomops femorosaccus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MOLOSSIDAE	Nyctinomops	femorosaccus	(Merriam, 1899)		20000000	Nyctinomops femorosaccus	Least Concern		2015	2015-07-20 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern because of its wide distribution, presumed large subpopulations in some localities and occurrence in a number of protected areas.	This species is insectivorous; it eats a variety of insects (Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Homoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Diptera and Neuroptera). During the dry season it utilizes water sources with open access and a large available surface area from which to drink. It leaves its roosts after dark and is usually not taken in mistnets until two or three hours after sunset. It roosts in caves, rock crevices in cliff faces and man-made structures. Colonies usually number fewer than 100 individuals. It gives birth to only one young per year, usually in early July, and the young are flying in mid to late August (Wilson and Ruff 1999).	Habitat loss and use of pesticides, as this species eats moths that are affected by pesticides, are the main threats.	It is uncommon (Wilson and Ruff 1999).	Stable	This species occurs from Guerrero (Mexico) to New Mexico, Arizona, California (USA) and Baja California (Mexico; Simmons 2005). It occurs from lowlands to 2,250 m asl (Wilson and Ruff 1999).	This species is not used.	Terrestrial	It is found in several protected areas in its range.	Nearctic|Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Molossidae	Nyctinomops		femorosaccus	Merriam	1889	1	N. Am. Fauna	2:23	Pocketed Free-tailed Bat	None.	USA, California, Riverside Co., Palm Springs.	Guatemala, Guerrero (Mexico) to New Mexico, Arizona, California (USA) and Baja California (Mexico).	Not listed.	Least Concern	See Kumirai and Jones (1990).	Nyctinomops femorosaccus	1005235	23	Pocketed Free-tailed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Molossidae	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Nyctinomops	NA	femorosaccus	Merriam	1889	1	Nyctinomus_femorosaccus	Merriam, C. H. (1889). Description of a New Species of Free-tailed Bat from the Desert Region of Southern California. North American Fauna, 2, 23.	https://meridian.allenpress.com/naf/article/doi/10.3996/nafa.2.0007/163976/DESCRIPTION-OF-A-NEW-SPECIES-OF-FREE-TAILED-BAT	USNM 186447		"Agua Caliente [= Palm Springs], Colorado Desert [Riverside County], California," USA.			femorosaccus (Merriam, 1889)	NA	NA			USA(CA,AZ,NM,TX)	United States|Mexico|Guatemala	North America	Nearctic	LC	0	0	0	Nyctinomops_femorosaccus	0	sciname match	Nyctinomops_femorosaccus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Nyctinomops_femorosaccus	1005235	23	Pocketed Free-tailed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Molossidae	Molossinae	NA	Nyctinomops	NA	femorosaccus	C. H. Merriam	1	Nyctinomus femorosaccus	Merriam, C.H. 1889-10-30. Description of a new species of free-tailed bat from the desert region of southern California. North American Fauna 2:23-24.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25799516	USNM:MAMM:186447	holotype	http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3e3dad12d-2ab4-4b4e-ae40-0d01e0b7d0ce	"Agua Caliente [= Palm Springs], Colorado Desert [Riverside County], California," USA.			NA	NA			USA(CA,AZ,NM,TX)	United States|Mexico|Guatemala	North America	Nearctic	LC	0	0	0	Nyctinomops_femorosaccus	0	sciname match	Nyctinomops_femorosaccus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Molossidae	Nyctinomops		femorosaccus	Merriam	1889	1	N. Am. Fauna	2:23	Pocketed Free-tailed Bat	None.	USA, California, Riverside Co., Palm Springs	Guatemala, Guerrero (Mexico) to New Mexico, Arizona, California (USA) and Baja California (Mexico)	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14994/22010542/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	See Kumirai and Jones (1990).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Nyctinomops femorosaccus; Nyctinomops femorosaccus; Nyctinomops femorosaccus; Nyctinomops femorosaccus; Nyctinomops femorosaccus; Nyctinomops femorosaccus; femorosaccus; Nyctinomope a poche; Taschen-Bulldogfledermaus; Nycténimo de bolsillos; Pocketed Free-tailed Bat; Pocketed Free-tailed Bat; Pocketed Free-tailed Bat; N. femorosaccus