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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1068	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	Nyctimene rabori	Nyctimene rabori	Nyctimene rabori	Nyctimene rabori	Nyctimene rabori	Nyctimene rabori	Nyctimene rabori	Nyctimene rabori	Nyctimene rabori	Nyctimene rabori	Nyctimene rabori	Nyctimene rabori	Nyctimene rabori		[MSW3] cephalotes species group. Corbet and Hill (1992) noted that rabori might be conspecific with cephalotes, but see Bergmans (2001).; [HMW] Nyctimene rabori Heaney & Peterson, 1984 , 6 km W of Dumaguete City, Balinsasaye: ( 9°21'N , 123° 10 °E), 835 m , Sibulan Municipality, Negros Oriental Province , Negros Islands, Philippines . Nyctimene rabori is in the cephalotes species group. Some authors have speculated that it is a synonym of N. cephalotes , but it is retained as a distinct species here until additional research is conducted. Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  cephalotes species group. Corbet and Hill (1992) noted that rabori might be conspecific with cephalotes, but see Bergmans (2001).; [batnames2023]  cephalotes species group. Corbet and Hill (1992) noted that rabori might be conspecific with cephalotes, but see Bergmans (2001).; [batnames2025_1.7] cephalotesspecies group. Corbet and Hill (1992) noted that rabori might be conspecific with cephalotes, but see Bergmans (2001).														rabori				rabori	rabori			rabori Heaney & R. L. Peterson, 1984						N/A					Distribution: Known only from Negros island in the central Philippines.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		Negros I, Philippines; ref. 4.22; E	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Heaney and Peterson	1984	Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 7083.		Known only from Negros Isl.	Philippines, Negros, Sibulan, Lake Balinsasayo.		HEANEY & PETERSON	1984	Size fairly large (forearm length, 73-81 mm; maxillary tooth row length, 11.2/ 12.1 mm). Sagittal crest and coronoid process un usually well developed.	Distribution: Known only from Negros island in the central Philippines.	No subspecies.		36	species	N. rabori	HEANEY & PETERSON	1984	Nyctimene	genus	Nyctimene rabori				Size fairly large (forearm length, 73- 81 mm; maxillary tooth row length, 11.2/ 12.1 mm). Sagittal crest and coronoid process un usually well developed.	No subspecies.		7. N. rabori HEANEY & PETERSON 1984 [cephalotes group].	7	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Nyctimene rabori	Nyctimene		rabori	Heaney and Peterson		1984		Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan	708		3		Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	Philippines, Negros Isl, Negros Oriental Prov., Sibulan Municipality, 6 km W of Dumaguete City, Balinsasayo, (9°21'N, 123°10'E), 835 m.	Negros, Cebu, and Sibuyan Isls (Philippines); Karakelang Isl (Talaud Isls, Indonesia).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Endangered: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003 – Critically Endangered.		cephalotes species group. Corbet and Hill (1992) noted that rabori might be conspecific with cephalotes, but see Bergmans (2001).	03AD87FAFFFBF61589633272F902FD5A	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	121	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFFBF61589633272F902FD5A.xml	Nyctimene rabori	Pteropodidae	Nyctimene	rabori	Heaney & Peterson	1984	Nyctimene des Philippines @fr | Philippinen-Réhrennasenflughund @de | Nyctimeno de las Filipinas @es	Nyctimene rabori Heaney & Peterson, 1984 , 6 km W of Dumaguete City, Balinsasaye: ( 9°21'N , 123° 10 °E), 835 m , Sibulan Municipality, Negros Oriental Province , Negros Islands, Philippines . Nyctimene rabori is in the cephalotes species group. Some authors have speculated that it is a synonym of N. cephalotes , but it is retained as a distinct species here until additional research is conducted. Monotypic.	Visayas on C Philippines (Sibuyan, Cebu , Negros, and probably Panay Is), and tentatively on Talaud Is (Karakelong I), and Sangihe Is ( Siao and Greater Sangihe); it may have a much wider distribution across much of the Philippines .	Head—body c. 113-124 mm , tail 19-30 mm , ear 18-21 mm , hindfoot 16-21 mm , forearm 73-81 mm ; weight 60-74 g . Head of the Philippine Tube-nose Fruit Bat is broad, with deep face, broad, bluntly pointed ears, and tubular divergent nostrils. Eyes are large, with amberirises. Pelage is thick and woolly. Females are generally lighter than males, and young are intermediate in color. Dorsal pelage is light (females) to dark (males) brown, with distinctive thin dark blackish brown mid-dorsal stripe ( 3—4 mm thick) stretching from shoulders to rump. Head is more golden brown, and neck 1s brownish gray. Ventral pelage is light brown (females) to chocolate-brown (males). There is yellow spotting on wings, legs, and ears (ears sometimes not spotted); wings are brown to yellowish brown (substantially darker in males). Second digit of wing has a claw, and wing attaches at second digit of foot. Tail is short, black, and wrinkled, and narrow uropatagium connects at base and stretches to calcar at ankles. Claws are dark brown. Skull and mandible are robust, rostrum is short, sagittal crest is well developed, postorbital processes are strong, zygomatic arch is strongly arched dorsally, and posterior margin of palate is rounded and U-shaped. Single lower incisor is completely deciduous, falling out before adulthood; lower molars are broad and rounded in dorsal view; C, replaces incisors and is long and powerful; P,is elongated and longer than P, and P; and P* has very weak labial posterior cusp.	Primary and secondary forests, typically near water bodies, from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 1300 m . The Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat occurs in degraded habitat on Negros and Cebu .	The Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat mainly eats figs ( Ficus , Moraceae ).	Reproduction of the Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat occurs in May-June. Two young were captured in March on Cebu .	Philippine Tube-nose Fruit Bats are nocturnal.	No information.	Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat has a restricted distribution and is considered rare. Total population based on current known distribution and abundance estimates is probably less than 2500 individuals. It was previously thought to only occur in highquality primary forest, but it seems to tolerate degraded habitats on Negros and Cebu . Greatest threat is deforestation that has already destroyed much of its island habitat (especially Cebu ). Deforestation rates have slowed in the Philippines , but only because there is such little forest left to cut down. Additional surveys and studies are needed to determine the full extent of its distribution and understand its ecology and threats.	Alburo (2017) | Bennett et al. (1997) | Bergmans (2001) | Carino (2004) | Heaney & Peterson (1984) | Ong, Rosell-Ambal, Tabaranza, Heaney, Ingle et al. (2008) | Paguntalan & Jakosalem (2008) | Utzurrum (1995) | Vinciguerra & Muller (1993)		110. Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat Nyctimene rabori French: Nyctimene des Philippines / German: Philippinen-Réhrennasenflughund / Spanish: Nyctimeno de las Filipinas Taxonomy. Nyctimene rabori Heaney & Peterson, 1984 , 6 km W of Dumaguete City, Balinsasaye: ( 9°21'N , 123° 10 °E), 835 m , Sibulan Municipality, Negros Oriental Province , Negros Islands, Philippines . Nyctimene rabori is in the cephalotes species group. Some authors have speculated that it is a synonym of N. cephalotes , but it is retained as a distinct species here until additional research is conducted. Monotypic. Distribution. Visayas on C Philippines (Sibuyan, Cebu , Negros, and probably Panay Is), and tentatively on Talaud Is (Karakelong I), and Sangihe Is ( Siao and Greater Sangihe); it may have a much wider distribution across much of the Philippines . Descriptive notes. Head—body c. 113-124 mm , tail 19-30 mm , ear 18-21 mm , hindfoot 16-21 mm , forearm 73-81 mm ; weight 60-74 g . Head of the Philippine Tube-nose Fruit Bat is broad, with deep face, broad, bluntly pointed ears, and tubular divergent nostrils. Eyes are large, with amberirises. Pelage is thick and woolly. Females are generally lighter than males, and young are intermediate in color. Dorsal pelage is light (females) to dark (males) brown, with distinctive thin dark blackish brown mid-dorsal stripe ( 3—4 mm thick) stretching from shoulders to rump. Head is more golden brown, and neck 1s brownish gray. Ventral pelage is light brown (females) to chocolate-brown (males). There is yellow spotting on wings, legs, and ears (ears sometimes not spotted); wings are brown to yellowish brown (substantially darker in males). Second digit of wing has a claw, and wing attaches at second digit of foot. Tail is short, black, and wrinkled, and narrow uropatagium connects at base and stretches to calcar at ankles. Claws are dark brown. Skull and mandible are robust, rostrum is short, sagittal crest is well developed, postorbital processes are strong, zygomatic arch is strongly arched dorsally, and posterior margin of palate is rounded and U-shaped. Single lower incisor is completely deciduous, falling out before adulthood; lower molars are broad and rounded in dorsal view; C, replaces incisors and is long and powerful; P,is elongated and longer than P, and P; and P* has very weak labial posterior cusp. Habitat. Primary and secondary forests, typically near water bodies, from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 1300 m . The Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat occurs in degraded habitat on Negros and Cebu . Food and Feeding. The Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat mainly eats figs ( Ficus , Moraceae ). Breeding. Reproduction of the Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat occurs in May-June. Two young were captured in March on Cebu . Activity patterns. Philippine Tube-nose Fruit Bats are nocturnal. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat has a restricted distribution and is considered rare. Total population based on current known distribution and abundance estimates is probably less than 2500 individuals. It was previously thought to only occur in highquality primary forest, but it seems to tolerate degraded habitats on Negros and Cebu . Greatest threat is deforestation that has already destroyed much of its island habitat (especially Cebu ). Deforestation rates have slowed in the Philippines , but only because there is such little forest left to cut down. Additional surveys and studies are needed to determine the full extent of its distribution and understand its ecology and threats. Bibliography. Alburo (2017), Bennett et al. (1997), Bergmans (2001), Carino (2004), Heaney & Peterson (1984), Ong, Rosell-Ambal, Tabaranza, Heaney, Ingle et al. (2008), Paguntalan & Jakosalem (2008), Utzurrum (1995), Vinciguerra & Muller (1993).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Nyctimene rabori	Nyctimene		rabori	Heaney & Peterson	1984	0	Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan	######	Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	None.	Philippines, Negros Isl, Negros Oriental Prov., Sibulan Municipality, 6 km W of Dumaguete City, Balinsasayo, (9°21'N, 123°10'E), 835 m.	Negros, Cebu, and Sibuyan Isls (Philippines); Karakelang Isl (Talaud Isls, Indonesia).	Not listed.	Endangered	 cephalotes species group. Corbet and Hill (1992) noted that rabori might be conspecific with cephalotes, but see Bergmans (2001).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Nyctimene rabori	23	Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	NYCTIMENINAE	NA	Nyctimene	NA	rabori	Heaney & R. L. Peterson	1984	0						6 km W of Dumaguete City, Balinsasayo (9°21'N, 123°10'E), 835 m, Sibulan Municipality, Negros Oriental Province, Negros Islands, Philippines.	9.35	123.17	rabori Heaney & R. L. Peterson, 1984	NA	NA	Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya	EN	0	0	0	Nyctimene_rabori	0	sciname match	Nyctimene_rabori	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	14953	Nyctimene rabori	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Nyctimene	rabori	Heaney &; Peterson, 1984		20000000	Nyctimene rabori	Endangered	C2a(i)	2020	2019-08-12 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	The Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene rabori ) is listed as Endangered under criterion C (EN C2a(i)). Its global population is estimated to be between 2,000 and 2,500 mature individuals and there is an observed continuing decline in the number of mature individuals and no subpopulation contains more than 250 mature individuals.	The species has been found in or adjacent to forest (sea level to 1,300 m), in both primary and secondary forest (Vinciguerra and Muller 1993). Previously it was thought to be confined to high-quality forest, but additional observations have shown it to be somewhat tolerant to a wider range of habitats than previously suspected, having been recorded from degraded habitats on Negros, and persisting in very degraded habitats on Cebu. During recent collections, the species has tended to be found near bodies of water.	Deforestation is a major threat to the Philippine tube-nosed fruit bat. Extensive deforestation has occurred across much of the range of the species, although ;rates have slowed as there is little remaining primary forest. Most of the lowland forest habitat, which is the most suitable for the species, has been destroyed on two out of the three islands on which the species is known to occur. Although it has recently been recorded from some areas of secondary forest, the remaining populations are under intense pressure since very little forest remains and there is a continuing decline in area and quality of this forest. Hunting is not suspected to be a threat as, according to surveys, local people are unfamiliar with this tube-nosed fruit bat.	In general, the Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat has been infrequently collected (mist-netted) on Cebu and Negros, but recent work has shown it to be more widespread on Negros and Cebu than previously suspected. On Negros, where it had been known only from a population on the southern part of the island, surveys have located 30 individuals at eight sites between 1998 and 2004 (Carino 2004). During a survey, the highest number of individuals of ;N. rabori ;was recorded in Ban-ban, Ayungon municipality, with a total capture of nine individuals during 26 Mar to 10 Apr 1999 (Cariño 2004). From June 2014 to November 2015, 74 individuals (36 males, 38 females) were captured at 8 out of 11 study sites, including: Canbantug, Cansuje, Mag-alambak, Nug-as forest, Mt. Lanaya, Basak, Tabunan Forest, and Mt. Kapayas (Alburo 2017). There were 51 adults and 23 were sub-adults or juveniles; none of the adult females were not pregnant nor were they carrying young (Alburo 2017). While population data are limited, it is estimated that there are fewer than 1,000 individuals on Mount Siburan (Sibuyan Island) and that Cebu has fewer than 500 individuals. Negros, where more forests remain, is estimated to only have a couple of thousand individuals total. Conservatively, the number of mature individuals is estimated to be between 2,000 and 2,500 bats with no subpopulation having more than 250 mature individuals. The species population is presumed to be declining from continued habitat loss and degradation.	Decreasing	The Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat is endemic to the Philippines, where it is restricted to the islands of Cebu (Vinciguerra and Muller 1993), Negros and Sibuyan; it might also occur in Panay, although there has been a lack of sampling there to confirm this (L. Heaney pers. comm. 2006). The species may have been recorded from Karakelong in the Talaud Islands (Indonesia), and on Siao and Greater Sangihe in the Sangihe Islands (Indonesia) (K. Helgen pers. comm.), but these records represent tentative identifications.  The elevational range is from sea level to 1,300 m asl. ;On Negros Island, ;Nyctimene rabori ;is known to occur in the North Negros Forest Reserve (Tamblyn ;et al. ; 2005), ;<span lang="EN-PH">in Balinsasayao Twin Lakes Natural Park and Banban, Ayungon Forests (Cariño 2004), and the Mount Kanlaon Natural Park (Deligero et al. 2016). It is also known from several Important Bird Areas on Cebu (Alburo 2017).		Terrestrial	The species is known to occur in protected areas. On Negros Island, ;Nyctimene rabori is known to occur in the North Negros Forest Reserve (Tamblyn et al. ;2005), ;in Balinsasayao Twin Lakes Natural Park and Banban, Ayungon Forests (Cariño 2004), and the Mount Kanlaon Natural Park (Deligero et al. 2016). It is also known from several Important Bird Areas on Cebu (Alburo 2017). ;More adequate conservation measures are needed at known sites. Surveys are needed over much of the potential range of ;N. rabori ;to determine the population status of the species and to determine whether it occurs on Panay Island. Confirmation of the species presence in Indonesia is also an important priority.	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Nyctimene		rabori	Heaney & Peterson	1984	0	Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan	708:03:00	Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	None.	Philippines, Negros Isl, Negros Oriental Prov., Sibulan Municipality, 6 km W of Dumaguete City, Balinsasayo, (9°21'N, 123°10'E), 835 m.	Negros, Cebu, and Sibuyan Isls (Philippines); Karakelang Isl (Talaud Isls, Indonesia).	Not listed.	Endangered	 cephalotes species group. Corbet and Hill (1992) noted that rabori might be conspecific with cephalotes, but see Bergmans (2001).	Nyctimene rabori	1004424	23	Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	NYCTIMENINAE	NA	Nyctimene	NA	rabori	Heaney & R. L. Peterson	1984	0						6 km W of Dumaguete City, Balinsasayo (9°21'N, 123°10'E), 835 m, Sibulan Municipality, Negros Oriental Province, Negros Islands, Philippines.	9.35	123.1667	rabori Heaney & R. L. Peterson, 1984	NA	NA				Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya	EN	0	0	0	Nyctimene_rabori	0	sciname match	Nyctimene_rabori	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Nyctimene_rabori	1004424	23	Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Nyctimeninae	NA	Nyctimene	NA	rabori	Heaney & R. L. Peterson	0	Nyctimene rabori	Heaney, L.R. and Peterson, R.L. 1984. A new species of tube-nosed fruit bat (_Nyctimene_) from Negros Island, Philippines (Mammalia: Pteropodidae). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 708:1-16.	http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/57144/1/OP708.pdf	UMMZ 156971	holotype		6 km W of Dumaguete City, Balinsasayo (9°21'N, 123°10'E), 835 m, Sibulan Municipality, Negros Oriental Province, Negros Islands, Philippines.	9.35	123.1667	NA	NA				Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya	EN	0	0	0	Nyctimene_rabori	0	sciname match	Nyctimene_rabori	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Nyctimene		rabori	Heaney & Peterson	1984	0	Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan	708:03:00	Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	None.	Philippines, Negros Isl, Negros Oriental Prov., Sibulan Municipality, 6 km W of Dumaguete City, Balinsasayo, (9°21'N, 123°10'E), 835 m.	Negros, Cebu, and Sibuyan Isls (Philippines); Karakelang Isl (Talaud Isls, Indonesia).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14953/22008716/' target='_blank'>Endangered</a>	cephalotesspecies group. Corbet and Hill (1992) noted that rabori might be conspecific with cephalotes, but see Bergmans (2001).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Nyctimene rabori; Nyctimene rabori; Nyctimene rabori; Nyctimene rabori; Nyctimene rabori; Nyctimene rabori; rabori; Nyctimene des Philippines; Philippinen-Réhrennasenflughund; Nyctimeno de las Filipinas; Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat; Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat; Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat; N. rabori