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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1063	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	Nyctimene draconilla	Nyctimene draconilla	Nyctimene draconilla	Nyctimene draconilla	Nyctimene draconilla	Nyctimene draconilla	Nyctimene draconilla	Nyctimene draconilla	Nyctimene draconilla	Nyctimene draconilla	Nyctimene draconilla	Nyctimene draconilla	Nyctimene draconilla	Nyctimene draconilla		[MSW2] Considered a subspecies of albiventer by Laurie and Hill (1954:46), but also see Hill (1983) and Koopman (1982).; [MSW3] albiventer species group. Considered a subspecies of albiventer by Laurie and Hill (1954), but see Hill (1983), Koopman (1982), Flannery (1995a), and Bonaccorso (1998), all of whom treated it as distinct, though with some reservations. Bergmans (2001) questioned the validity of this species but did not revise it.; [HMW] Nyctimene draconilla Thomas, 1922 , “Bivak-island, Lorentz River , S. W. New Guinea ,” Indonesia . Nyctimene draconilla 1s in the albiventer species group. Its taxonomic status is uncertain, and it might be best considered conspecific with N. albiventer . Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  albiventer species group. Considered a subspecies of albiventer by Laurie and Hill (1954), but see Hill (1983), Koopman (1982), Flannery (1995a),and Bonaccorso (1998), all of whom treated it as distinct, though with some reservations. Bergmans (2001) questioned the validity of thisspecies but did not revise it.; [IUCN] This species is one of five on the island of New Guinea with a body size smaller than that of Nyctimene aello . It was not included in the study of Irwin (2017), so there is limited information about its taxonomic relationships with these other species of similar size.; [batnames2023]  albiventer species group. Considered a subspecies of albiventer by Laurie and Hill (1954), but see Hill (1983), Koopman (1982), Flannery (1995a),and Bonaccorso (1998), all of whom treated it as distinct, though with some reservations. Bergmans (2001) questioned the validity of thisspecies but did not revise it.; [batnames2025_1.7] albiventerspecies group. Considered a subspecies of albiventer by Laurie and Hill (1954), but see Hill (1983), Koopman (1982), Flannery (1995a),and Bonaccorso (1998), all of whom treated it as distinct, though with some reservations. Bergmans (2001) questioned the validity of thisspecies but did not revise it.				albiventer										draconilla	This species is one of five on the island of New Guinea with a body size smaller than that of Nyctimene aello . It was not included in the study of Irwin (2017), so there is limited information about its taxonomic relationships with these other species of similar size.			draconilla 	draconilla 			draconilla O. Thomas, 1922					Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Nyctimene draconilla	Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Southern Div., Lorentz River, Bivak Isl.	Thomas	1922	Nova Guinea, 13:725.	Distribution: Confined to southern New Guinea (the northern New Guinea record is in error, see HILL 1983).		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		S New Guinea; ref. 4.12	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Thomas	1922	Nova Guinea, 13:725.	Considered a subspecies of albiventer by Laurie and Hill (1954:46), but also see Hill (1983) and Koopman (1982).	New Guinea.	Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Southern Div., Lorentz River, Bivak Isl.		THOMAS	1922	Size very small (forearm length, 47-53 mm; maxillary tooth row length, 7.8-8.6 mm). Inner cusp of middle upper premolar not completely fused with outer. Upper canine at least twice middle upper premolar in height.	Distribution: Confined to southern New Guinea (the northern New Guinea record is in error, see HILL 1983).	No subspecies.		36	species	N. draconilla	THOMAS	1922	Nyctimene	genus	Nyctimene draconilla				Size very small (forearm length, 47-53 mm; maxillary tooth row length, 7.8-8.6 mm). Inner cusp of middle upper premolar not completely fused with outer. Upper canine at least twice middle upper premolar in height.	No subspecies.		2. N. draconilla THOMAS 1922 [albiventer group].	2	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Nyctimene draconilla	Nyctimene		draconilla	Thomas		1922		Nova Guinea	13		725		Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	Indonesia, Prov. of Papua, Southern Div., Lorentz River, Bivak Isl.	New Guinea.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Rare. IUCN 2003 – Vulnerable.		albiventer species group. Considered a subspecies of albiventer by Laurie and Hill (1954), but see Hill (1983), Koopman (1982), Flannery (1995a), and Bonaccorso (1998), all of whom treated it as distinct, though with some reservations. Bergmans (2001) questioned the validity of this species but did not revise it.	03AD87FAFFF9F6178C67351BF760F7EF	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	119	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFF9F6178C67351BF760F7EF.xml	Nyctimene draconilla	Pteropodidae	Nyctimene	draconilla	Thomas	1922	Nyctimene dragon @fr | Drachen-Rohrennasenflughund @de | Nyctimeno dragén @es | Dragon Tube-nosed Bat @en | Lesser Tube-nosed Bat @en	Nyctimene draconilla Thomas, 1922 , “Bivak-island, Lorentz River , S. W. New Guinea ,” Indonesia . Nyctimene draconilla 1s in the albiventer species group. Its taxonomic status is uncertain, and it might be best considered conspecific with N. albiventer . Monotypic.	Lowlands on either side of highlands of C New Guinea ; possibly NE Papua New Guinea , although these records might not represent this species.	Head—body 70-88 mm , tail 15-22 mm , ear 10- 7-17 mm , hindfoot 9-13 mm , forearm 48-3-54- 2 mm ; weight 26-31 g . The Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat is very similar to the Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat ( NN . albiventer ) but differs by having darker spotting on wing membrane, being slightly smaller, and having shorter and less robust canines. Rostrum is short, with long tubular divergent nostrils that curve outward at rims. Ears are long, with pointed tips; eyes are large, with amber irises. Dorsal pelage hairs are tricolored, with medium brown bases, pale gray-brown middles, and brown tips; ventral pelage and flanks range from golden to whitish or white, with gold variably on chest. There is also distinct narrow dark brown dorsal stripe extending from rump to between shoulder blades and is just barely noticeable on nape. Wings, nostrils, and ears are variably covered in bright yellow spots. Wings are greenish black to black, with variable amounts of yellow and dark spotting; second digit of wing has a claw, and wing attaches at second digit of foot. Tail is very short, black, and wrinkled, and narrow uropatagium connects at base and stretches to calcar at ankles. Claws are black. Skull and mandible are robust, and rostrum is short. Single lower incisor is completely deciduous, falling out before adulthood; lower molars are broad and rounded in dorsal view; C, replaces incisors and is long and powerful; canines are shorter and less robust than in the Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat; and P, is elongate and longer than P, and P,.	Associated with freshwater swamps and rivers, with one record in rural lowlands, from sea level up to elevations of c. 100 m .	No information.	Pregnant Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bats were captured in August-September.	No information.	No information.	Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Virtually nothing is known about the Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat, and its taxonomic statusis uncertain. Additional research on its taxonomy, ecology, and threats is needed before a conservation assessment can be made.	Bergmans (2001) | Bonaccorso (1998) | Flannery (1995b) | Giannini & Simmons (2007a) | Helgen (2007a) | Hutson, Suyanto, Helgen & Bonaccorso (2008c) | Pattiselanno (2013)		105. Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat Nyctimene draconilla French: Nyctimene dragon / German: Drachen-Rohrennasenflughund / Spanish: Nyctimeno dragén Other common names: Dragon Tube-nosed Bat , Lesser Tube-nosed Bat Taxonomy. Nyctimene draconilla Thomas, 1922 , “Bivak-island, Lorentz River , S. W. New Guinea ,” Indonesia . Nyctimene draconilla 1s in the albiventer species group. Its taxonomic status is uncertain, and it might be best considered conspecific with N. albiventer . Monotypic. Distribution. Lowlands on either side of highlands of C New Guinea ; possibly NE Papua New Guinea , although these records might not represent this species. Descriptive notes. Head—body 70-88 mm , tail 15-22 mm , ear 10- 7-17 mm , hindfoot 9-13 mm , forearm 48-3-54- 2 mm ; weight 26-31 g . The Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat is very similar to the Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat ( NN . albiventer ) but differs by having darker spotting on wing membrane, being slightly smaller, and having shorter and less robust canines. Rostrum is short, with long tubular divergent nostrils that curve outward at rims. Ears are long, with pointed tips; eyes are large, with amber irises. Dorsal pelage hairs are tricolored, with medium brown bases, pale gray-brown middles, and brown tips; ventral pelage and flanks range from golden to whitish or white, with gold variably on chest. There is also distinct narrow dark brown dorsal stripe extending from rump to between shoulder blades and is just barely noticeable on nape. Wings, nostrils, and ears are variably covered in bright yellow spots. Wings are greenish black to black, with variable amounts of yellow and dark spotting; second digit of wing has a claw, and wing attaches at second digit of foot. Tail is very short, black, and wrinkled, and narrow uropatagium connects at base and stretches to calcar at ankles. Claws are black. Skull and mandible are robust, and rostrum is short. Single lower incisor is completely deciduous, falling out before adulthood; lower molars are broad and rounded in dorsal view; C, replaces incisors and is long and powerful; canines are shorter and less robust than in the Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat; and P, is elongate and longer than P, and P,. Habitat. Associated with freshwater swamps and rivers, with one record in rural lowlands, from sea level up to elevations of c. 100 m . Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Pregnant Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bats were captured in August-September. Activity patterns. No information. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Virtually nothing is known about the Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat, and its taxonomic statusis uncertain. Additional research on its taxonomy, ecology, and threats is needed before a conservation assessment can be made. Bibliography. Bergmans (2001), Bonaccorso (1998), Flannery (1995b), Giannini & Simmons (2007a), Helgen (2007a), Hutson, Suyanto, Helgen & Bonaccorso (2008c), Pattiselanno (2013).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Nyctimene draconilla	Nyctimene		draconilla	Thomas	1922	0	Nova Guinea	1.0451	Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	None.	Indonesia, Prov. of Papua, Southern Div., Lorentz River, Bivak Isl.	New Guinea.	Not listed.	Data Deficient	 albiventer species group. Considered a subspecies of albiventer by Laurie and Hill (1954), but see Hill (1983), Koopman (1982), Flannery (1995a),and Bonaccorso (1998), all of whom treated it as distinct, though with some reservations. Bergmans (2001) questioned the validity of thisspecies but did not revise it.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Nyctimene draconilla	23	Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	Dragon Tube-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	NYCTIMENINAE	NA	Nyctimene	NA	draconilla	O. Thomas	1922	0						"Bivak-island, Lorentz River, S. W. New Guinea," Indonesia.			draconilla O. Thomas, 1922	NA	NA	Indonesia|Papua New Guinea	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	DD	0	0	0	Nyctimene_draconilla	0	sciname match	Nyctimene_draconilla	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	14956	Nyctimene draconilla	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Nyctimene	draconilla	Thomas, 1922	This species is one of five on the island of New Guinea with a body size smaller than that of Nyctimene aello . It was not included in the study of Irwin (2017), so there is limited information about its taxonomic relationships with these other species of similar size.	20000000	Nyctimene draconilla	Data Deficient		2021	2020-11-22 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	<span id="docs-internal-guid-0597262c-7fff-132c-c818-bb1164b83d5d"><p>This species is assessed as Data Deficient because of a lack of information about its distribution and population size, which is a consequence of the lack of reliable or confirmed identifications, and the difficulty of distinguishing it from other Nyctimene species of similar size.</p>	<span id="docs-internal-guid-6a5eaa31-7fff-f465-ba52-9eb9802b07e3"><p>All records of this species have been associated with freshwater swamps and rivers. Bonaccorso (1998) captured a postlactating female that was not reproductively active in January.</p>	<span id="docs-internal-guid-46b02684-7fff-6b98-a8d0-8b5689dd6ff0">There appear to be no major threats to this species that could cause widespread or imminent decline, mainly because of the species’ small size, small colony size and broad distribution. It does not appear to be the target of hunters.	<span id="docs-internal-guid-7deb16ae-7fff-a434-cbdc-bae5a81a5878">The population size and trend of this species is not known.<span></span>	Unknown	<span id="docs-internal-guid-5596c63a-7fff-8923-66c3-1e984f8d9dcf"><p>Lesser Tube-nosed Bat is considered to occur mostly south of the central cordillera of New Guinea between Mt. Bosavi in Papua New Guinea to the Asmat regency in the Papua Province of Indonesia. The type locality is the Lorentz River (in Papua Province, Indonesia). Records from north of the central highlands (Bonaccorso 1998) require confirmation. It has been recorded from sea level up to 100 m asl. Further survey effort is required to determine the extent of the distribution. While the taxonomic work of Irwin (2017) has provided the means to distinguish the species N. certans , N. ‘albiventer’ papuanus and N. cyclotis , she did not include N. draconilla and thus there is still a possibility for misidentification of this species. Examination of museum specimens and genetic sequencing will help to define the area of occupancy and distribution limits of N. draconilla . </p>	The species is not known to be hunted, used or traded.	Terrestrial	<span id="docs-internal-guid-794f0db1-7fff-fadd-37ff-284fb12b52cc"><p>Broadscale protection of forests will help maintain population size in this species. Further studies into the species’ taxonomy, ecology, threats, distribution, and population size and trends are needed.</p>	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Nyctimene		draconilla	Thomas	1922	0	Nova Guinea	1.045139	Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	None.	Indonesia, Prov. of Papua, Southern Div., Lorentz River, Bivak Isl.	New Guinea.	Not listed.	Data Deficient	 albiventer species group. Considered a subspecies of albiventer by Laurie and Hill (1954), but see Hill (1983), Koopman (1982), Flannery (1995a),and Bonaccorso (1998), all of whom treated it as distinct, though with some reservations. Bergmans (2001) questioned the validity of thisspecies but did not revise it.	Nyctimene draconilla	1004419	23	Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	Dragon Tube-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	NYCTIMENINAE	NA	Nyctimene	NA	draconilla	O. Thomas	1922	0						"Bivak-island, Lorentz River, S. W. New Guinea," Indonesia.			draconilla O. Thomas, 1922	NA	NA				Indonesia|Papua New Guinea	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	DD	0	0	0	Nyctimene_draconilla	0	sciname match	Nyctimene_draconilla	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Nyctimene_draconilla	1004419	23	Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	Dragon Tube-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Nyctimeninae	NA	Nyctimene	NA	draconilla	O. Thomas	0	Nyctimene draconilla	Thomas, O. 1922-07-31. On mammals from New Guinea obtained by the Dutch scientific expeditions of recent years. Nova Guinea 13(5):723-740.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40340251	BMNH:Mamm:1922.3.22.1	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/4258fb76-a574-44b2-b65c-a34697092d86	"Bivak-island, Lorentz River, S. W. New Guinea," Indonesia.			NA	NA				Indonesia|Papua New Guinea	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia	DD	0	0	0	Nyctimene_draconilla	0	sciname match	Nyctimene_draconilla	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Nyctimene		draconilla	Thomas	1922	0	Nova Guinea	1.045139	Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	None.	Indonesia, Prov. of Papua, Southern Div., Lorentz River, Bivak Isl.	New Guinea.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14956/22008640/' target='_blank'>Data Deficient</a>	albiventerspecies group. Considered a subspecies of albiventer by Laurie and Hill (1954), but see Hill (1983), Koopman (1982), Flannery (1995a),and Bonaccorso (1998), all of whom treated it as distinct, though with some reservations. Bergmans (2001) questioned the validity of thisspecies but did not revise it.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Nyctimene draconilla; Nyctimene draconilla; Nyctimene draconilla; Nyctimene draconilla; Nyctimene draconilla; Nyctimene draconilla; draconilla; Nyctimene dragon; Drachen-Rohrennasenflughund; Nyctimeno dragén; Dragon Tube-nosed Bat; Lesser Tube-nosed Bat; Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat; Dragon Tube-nosed Bat; Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat; Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat; N. draconilla