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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1061	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	Nyctimene certans	Nyctimene cyclotis certans	Nyctimene certans	Nyctimene certans	Nyctimene certans	Nyctimene certans	Nyctimene certans	Nyctimene certans	Nyctimene certans	Nyctimene certans	Nyctimene certans	Nyctimene certans		[MSW2] Formerly included in N. cyclotis but see Peterson (1991).; [MSW3] cyclotis species group. Formerly included in cyclotis but see Peterson (1991) and Flannery (1995a). Also see Bonaccorso (1998), who included certans in cyclotis. The relationship between these forms remains unclear and they may be conspecific (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).; [HMW] Nyctimene certans K. Andersen, 1912 , “Mount Goliath, Dutch New Guinea ,” Indonesia . Nyctimene certans is currently in the cyclotis species group. It is often considered a subspecies or synonym of N. cyclotis , but morphological data support species status of these two taxa. New Britain populations that have been attributed to N. certans are only tentatively included here. Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  cyclotis species group. Formerly included in cyclotis but distinct; see Peterson (1991), Flannery (1995a), and Irwin (2017). See Bonaccorso (1998), who included certans in cyclones, for an alternative view. Revised by Irwin (2017).; [IUCN] A recent taxonomic study by Irwin (2017) resolved the taxonomic status of four similar-sized Nyctimene that occur on the island of New Guinea and provided revised diagnoses for three of them. The distinct species status of N. certans was supported by morphological analyses, and it is not synonymous with N. cyclotis .; [batnames2023]  cyclotis species group. Formerly included in cyclotis but distinct; see Peterson (1991), Flannery (1995a), and Irwin (2017). See Bonaccorso (1998), who included certans in cyclones, for an alternative view. Revised by Irwin (2017).; [batnames2025_1.7] cyclotis species group. Formerly included in cyclotis but distinct; see Peterson (1991), Flannery (1995a), and Irwin (2017). See Bonaccorso (1998), who included certans in cyclones, for an alternative view. Revised by Irwin (2017).														certans	A recent taxonomic study by Irwin (2017) resolved the taxonomic status of four similar-sized Nyctimene that occur on the island of New Guinea and provided revised diagnoses for three of them. The distinct species status of N. certans was supported by morphological analyses, and it is not synonymous with N. cyclotis .			certans 	certans 			certans Andersen, 1912						N/A										Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Andersen	1912	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, 8:95.	Formerly included in N. cyclotis but see Peterson (1991).	New Guinea.	New Guinea, Irain Jaya, Mount Goliath.																								NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Nyctimene certans	Nyctimene		certans	K. Andersen		1912		Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9	8		95		Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	New Guinea, Prov. of Papua, Mount Goliath.	New Guinea.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Rare as N. cyclotis certans. IUCN 2003 – Lower Risk (nt).		cyclotis species group. Formerly included in cyclotis but see Peterson (1991) and Flannery (1995a). Also see Bonaccorso (1998), who included certans in cyclotis. The relationship between these forms remains unclear and they may be conspecific (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	03AD87FAFFF8F61689AF36FBFC8EF5CE	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	118	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFF8F61689AF36FBFC8EF5CE.xml	Nyctimene certans	Pteropodidae	Nyctimene	certans	K. Andersen	1912	Nyctiméne de montagne @fr | Gebirgs-Réhrennasenflughund @de | Nyctimeno montano @es | Mountain Tube-nosed Bat @en	Nyctimene certans K. Andersen, 1912 , “Mount Goliath, Dutch New Guinea ,” Indonesia . Nyctimene certans is currently in the cyclotis species group. It is often considered a subspecies or synonym of N. cyclotis , but morphological data support species status of these two taxa. New Britain populations that have been attributed to N. certans are only tentatively included here. Monotypic.	New Guinea (N, C & E Mts) and tentatively Bismarck Archipelago (E New Britain I).	Head—body 806- 118 mm ,tail 12-30 mm , ear 7-185 mm , hindfoot 11-24 mm , forearm 54- 8-69 mm ; weight 33-48 g . Rostrum of the Mountain Tubenosed Fruit Bat is short, with long tubular divergent nostrils. Ears are rounded, with blunt tips, and thickened along tops; eyes are large, with dark reddish-brown irises. Dorsal pelage is grizzled grayish brown and browner on head, with almost indistinguishable ill-defined, short, thin dorsal stripe extending from mid-back to rump. Ventral pelageis paler dull cream. Wings and ears are dark brown; ears, tube nostrils, and wing digits have some yellow spotting. Second digit of wing is longer in the Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bat than in the Round-eared Tube-nosed Fruit Bat ( NN . ¢yclotis); second digit of wing has a claw, and wing attaches at second digit of foot. Tail is short, black, and wrinkled, and narrow uropatagium connects at base and stretches to calcar at ankles. Claws are black. Skull and mandible are robust. Single lower incisor is completely deciduous,falling out before adulthood; lower molars are broad and rounded in dorsal view; C, replaces incisors and is long and powerful; P, is elongate and longer than P, and P,; they have very broadly rounded dental arcade; and it differs from the Round-eared Tube-nosed Fruit Bat by having relatively shorter upper post-canine tooth row.	Primary and secondary upper montane forests and gardens at elevations of 700-3000 m (typically 1600-2500 m ).	The Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Batis frugivorous.	Pregnant Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bats have been recorded in November and February in Morobe and the Eastern Highlands . Litters have one young.	Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bats are nocturnal and roost in foliage.	Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bats roost alone or in pairs.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bat is seemingly widespread and relatively common, facing no major threats.	Colgan & Costa (2002) | Donnellan et al. (1995) | Flannery (1995a, 1995b) | Helgen (2007a) | Hutson, Suyanto, Helgen & Bonaccorso (2008b) | Irwin (2017)		101. Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bat Nyctimene certans French: Nyctiméne de montagne / German: Gebirgs-Réhrennasenflughund / Spanish: Nyctimeno montano Other common names: Mountain Tube-nosed Bat Taxonomy. Nyctimene certans K. Andersen, 1912 , “Mount Goliath, Dutch New Guinea ,” Indonesia . Nyctimene certans is currently in the cyclotis species group. It is often considered a subspecies or synonym of N. cyclotis , but morphological data support species status of these two taxa. New Britain populations that have been attributed to N. certans are only tentatively included here. Monotypic. Distribution. New Guinea (N, C & E Mts) and tentatively Bismarck Archipelago (E New Britain I). Descriptive notes. Head—body 806- 118 mm ,tail 12-30 mm , ear 7-185 mm , hindfoot 11-24 mm , forearm 54- 8-69 mm ; weight 33-48 g . Rostrum of the Mountain Tubenosed Fruit Bat is short, with long tubular divergent nostrils. Ears are rounded, with blunt tips, and thickened along tops; eyes are large, with dark reddish-brown irises. Dorsal pelage is grizzled grayish brown and browner on head, with almost indistinguishable ill-defined, short, thin dorsal stripe extending from mid-back to rump. Ventral pelageis paler dull cream. Wings and ears are dark brown; ears, tube nostrils, and wing digits have some yellow spotting. Second digit of wing is longer in the Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bat than in the Round-eared Tube-nosed Fruit Bat ( NN . ¢yclotis); second digit of wing has a claw, and wing attaches at second digit of foot. Tail is short, black, and wrinkled, and narrow uropatagium connects at base and stretches to calcar at ankles. Claws are black. Skull and mandible are robust. Single lower incisor is completely deciduous,falling out before adulthood; lower molars are broad and rounded in dorsal view; C, replaces incisors and is long and powerful; P, is elongate and longer than P, and P,; they have very broadly rounded dental arcade; and it differs from the Round-eared Tube-nosed Fruit Bat by having relatively shorter upper post-canine tooth row. Habitat. Primary and secondary upper montane forests and gardens at elevations of 700-3000 m (typically 1600-2500 m ). Food and Feeding. The Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Batis frugivorous. Breeding. Pregnant Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bats have been recorded in November and February in Morobe and the Eastern Highlands . Litters have one young. Activity patterns. Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bats are nocturnal and roost in foliage. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bats roost alone or in pairs. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bat is seemingly widespread and relatively common, facing no major threats. Bibliography. Colgan & Costa (2002), Donnellan et al. (1995), Flannery (1995a, 1995b), Helgen (2007a), Hutson, Suyanto, Helgen & Bonaccorso (2008b), Irwin (2017).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Nyctimene certans	Nyctimene		certans	K. Andersen	1912	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 9, 8: 95	Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	None.	New Guinea, Prov. of Papua, Mount Goliath.	New Guinea.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 cyclotis species group. Formerly included in cyclotis but distinct; see Peterson (1991), Flannery (1995a), and Irwin (2017). See Bonaccorso (1998), who included certans in cyclones, for an alternative view. Revised by Irwin (2017).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Nyctimene certans	23	Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	Mountain Tube-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	NYCTIMENINAE	NA	Nyctimene	NA	certans	K. Andersen	1912	0	Nyctimene_certans	Andersen, K. (1912). A new Nyctimene from New Guinea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 8, 9, 95.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61794#page/107/mode/1up	BM 1911.11.29.1		"Mount Goliath, Dutch New Guinea," Indonesia.			certans K. Andersen, 1912	NA	NA	Indonesia|Papua New Guinea	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Nyctimene_certans	0	sciname match	Nyctimene_certans	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	14964	Nyctimene certans	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Nyctimene	certans	Andersen, 1912	A recent taxonomic study by Irwin (2017) resolved the taxonomic status of four similar-sized Nyctimene that occur on the island of New Guinea and provided revised diagnoses for three of them. The distinct species status of N. certans was supported by morphological analyses, and it is not synonymous with N. cyclotis .	20000000	Nyctimene certans	Least Concern		2021	2020-11-22 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is assessed as Least Concern given its wide distribution, use of a broad range of forested habitat types, presumed large population size, presumed occurrence in protected areas, and the absence of evidence for a decline.	It is found in primary and secondary forest, the forest edge, and rural gardens in hill. It also occurs in moss forest at mid-montane elevations. Animals roost singly or in pairs in foliage. It is a frugivorous species. In Morobe and Eastern Highlands Provinces, pregnant females have been found in November and in February.	There appear to be no major threats to this species that could cause widespread or imminent decline, mainly because of the species’ small size, small colony size and broad distribution. It does not appear to be the target of hunters.	Although there are no population-level data available for the species, its population is assumed to be stable. It is widespread in mid to montane forest and may be locally abundant and secure in montane habitats Bonaccorso (1998).	Stable	This species occurs in highland areas (700 to 3,000 m asl) on the island of New Guinea, including the central cordillera, Huon Peninsula, Adelbert Range, and North Coastal Range (Bewani Mountains, Prince Alexander Mountains, Torricelli Range) (Irwin 2017). It is apparently also found in upland areas of East New Britain, but this requires checking.  In areas of lower elevation within its range, where it overlaps with other species of Nyctimene of similar size, there is a chance of misidentification. Irwin (2017) provided the means to distinguish four taxa (N. certans , N. cyclotis , N. papuana and N. wrightae ), but did not include N. draconilla . However, its distribution is probably better understood than the other smaller species because it replaces the other species at higher elevations.	The species is not known to be hunted, used, or traded.	Terrestrial	It is presumed to be present in most protected areas within its distribution. Broadscale protection of forests will help maintain population size in this species. The species is protected in some areas by local religious beliefs. People on Mount Telefomin regard it as extremely bad luck to kill the species. Additional research into the species diction, ecology, and population status and trends is warranted to inform conservation.	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Nyctimene		certans	K. Andersen	1912	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 9, 8: 95	Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	None.	New Guinea, Prov. of Papua, Mount Goliath.	New Guinea.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 cyclotis species group. Formerly included in cyclotis but distinct; see Peterson (1991), Flannery (1995a), and Irwin (2017). See Bonaccorso (1998), who included certans in cyclones, for an alternative view. Revised by Irwin (2017).	Nyctimene certans	1004417	23	Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	Mountain Tube-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	NYCTIMENINAE	NA	Nyctimene	NA	certans	K. Andersen	1912	0	Nyctimene_certans	Andersen, K. (1912). A new Nyctimene from New Guinea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 8, 9, 95.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61794#page/107/mode/1up	BM 1911.11.29.1		"Mount Goliath, Dutch New Guinea," Indonesia.			certans K. Andersen, 1912	NA	NA				Indonesia|Papua New Guinea	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Nyctimene_certans	0	sciname match	Nyctimene_certans	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Nyctimene_certans	1004417	23	Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	Mountain Tube-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Nyctimeninae	NA	Nyctimene	NA	certans	Andersen	0	Nyctimene certans	Andersen, K.C. 1912-01-01. A new _Nyctimene_ from New Guinea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8)9(49):95-96.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18638852	BMNH:Mamm:1911.11.29.1	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/73acbc8a-1e60-43c0-a3d6-22186ffe6f4d	"Mount Goliath, Dutch New Guinea," Indonesia.			NA	NA				Indonesia|Papua New Guinea	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Nyctimene_certans	0	sciname match	Nyctimene_certans	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Nyctimene		certans	K. Andersen	1912	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 9, 8: 95	Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	None.	New Guinea, Prov. of Papua, Mount Goliath.	New Guinea.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14964/22007226/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	cyclotis species group. Formerly included in cyclotis but distinct; see Peterson (1991), Flannery (1995a), and Irwin (2017). See Bonaccorso (1998), who included certans in cyclones, for an alternative view. Revised by Irwin (2017).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Nyctimene certans; Nyctimene certans; Nyctimene certans; Nyctimene certans; Nyctimene certans; Nyctimene certans; certans; Nyctiméne de montagne; Gebirgs-Réhrennasenflughund; Nyctimeno montano; Mountain Tube-nosed Bat; Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bat; Mountain Tube-nosed Bat; Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bat; Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bat; N. certans