http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format	name_CH1_1980	name_MSW1_1982	name_CH3_1991	name_MSW2_1993	name_Koopman_1994	name_MSW3_2005	name_HMW_2019	name_BatNames_2022	name_MDD_2022	name_IUCN_2022	name_BatNames_2023	name_MDD_2023	name_MDD_2025_2.0	name_batnames_2025_1.7	name_MDD_2025_2.2	column151	taxonomic_notes_concatenated	column171	synonyms_CH1	subspecies__MSW2	synonyms__MSW1	synonyms_CH3	synonyms_MSW2	subspecies_Koopman94_interpreted	subspecies_MSW3_interpreted	synonym_MSW3_interpreted	subspecies_HMW_interpreted	synonym_HMW_interpreted	subspecies_batnames_interpreted	synonym_batnames_interpreted	synonym_MDD_interpreted	synonym_IUCN_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2025_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2025_interpreted	synonyms_batnames2025_interpreted	nominalNames	column391	docOrigin_CH1	commonName_CH1	distribution_CH1	docOrigin_MSW1	column451	typeLocality_MSW1	authority_MSW1	year_MSW1	citation_MSW1	distribution	comment_MSW1	docOrigin_CH3	commonName_CH3	distribution_CH3	docOrigin_MSW2	authority_MSW2	year_MSW2	citation_MSW2	comments_MSW2	distribution_MSW2	typeLocality_MSW2	docOrigin_Koopman94	authority_Koopman94	year_Koopman94	description_Koopman94	distribution_Koopman94	diversity_Koopman94	subspecies_Koopman94	page	rank	name	authority	year	parent	parent_rank	corrected_name	actual_species_count	claimed_species_count	dental_formula	description	diversity	full_subspecies_text	name_line	species_index	subspecies	synonym	text	docOrigin_MSW3	order_MSW3	family_MSW3	subfamily_MSW3	tribe_MSW3	name_MSW3	genus_MSW3	subgenus_MSW3	species_MSW3	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MSW3	(parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)_MSW3	authoritySpeciesYear_MSW3	actualDate_MSW3	citation_MSW3	volume_MSW3	issue_MSW3	pages_MSW3	type_species_MSW3	commonName_MSW3	typeLocality_MSW3	distribution_MSW3	status_MSW3	synonym_MSW3	comments_MSW3	docId_HMW	docOrigin_HMW	docISBN_HMW	docName_HMW	docMasterId_HMW	docPageNumber_HMW	derivedFrom_HMW	name_HMW	family_HMW	genus_HMW	species_HMW	authoritySpeciesAuthor_HMW	authoritySpeciesYear	commonNames_HMW	taxonomy_HMW	subspeciesAndDistribution_HMW	descriptiveNotes_HMW	habitat_HMW	foodAndFeeding_HMW	breeding_HMW	activityPatterns_HMW	movementsHomeRangeAndSocialOrganization_HMW	statusAndConservation_HMW	bibliography_HMW	distributionImageURL_HMW	verbatimText_HMW	docOrigin_batnames	family_batnames	name_batnames	genus_batnames	subgenus_batnames	species_batnames	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames	date_batnames	parentheses_batnames (1=author & date in parentheses)	citation_batnames	docPageNumber_batnames	common Name_batnames	synonyms_batnames	type_locality_batnames	Distribution_batnames	CITES_batnames	IUCN_batnames	comments_batnames	docOrigin_MDD	name_MDD	phylosort_MDD	mainCommonName_MDD	otherCommonNames_MDD	subclass_MDD	infraclass_MDD	magnorder_MDD	superorder_MDD	order_MDD	suborder_MDD	infraorder_MDD	parvorder_MDD	superfamily_MDD	family_MDD	subfamily_MDD	tribe_MDD	genus_MDD	subgenus_MDD	specificEpithet_MDD	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD	authorityParentheses_MDD	originalNameCombination_MDD	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD	holotypeVoucher_MDD	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD	typeLocality_MDD	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD	nominalNames_MDD	taxonomyNotes_MDD	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD	countryDistribution_MDD	continentDistribution_MDD	biogeographicRealm_MDD	iucnStatus_MDD	extinct_MDD	domestic_MDD	flagged_MDD	CMW_sciName_MDD	diffSinceCMW_MDD	MSW3_matchtype_MDD	MSW3_sciName_MDD	diffSinceMSW3_MDD	docOrigin_IUCN	internalTaxonId_IUCN	NAME_IUCN	kingdomName_IUCN	phylumName_IUCN	className_IUCN	orderName_IUCN	familyName_IUCN	genusName_IUCN	speciesName_IUCN	authoritySpeciesAuthorYear_IUCN	taxonomicNotes_IUCN	assessmentId_IUCN	scientificName_IUCN	redlistCategory_IUCN	redlistCriteria_IUCN	yearPublished_IUCN	assessmentDate_IUCN	criteriaVersion_IUCN	language_IUCN	rationale_IUCN	habitat_IUCN	threats_IUCN	population_IUCN	populationTrend_IUCN	range_IUCN	useTrade_IUCN	systems_IUCN	conservationActions_IUCN	realm_IUCN	yearLastSeen_IUCN	possiblyExtinct_IUCN	possiblyExtinctInTheWild_IUCN	scopes_IUCN	docOrigin_batnames2023	FAMILY_batnames2023	GENUS_batnames2023	SUBGENUS_batnames2023	SPECIES_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesYearbatnames2023	PARENTHESES_batnames2023 (1=AUTHOR & DATE IN PARENTHESES)	CITATION_batnames2023	PAGES_batnames2023	COMMON NAME_batnames2023	SYNONYMS_batnames2023	TYPE LOCALITY_batnames2023	DISTRIBUTION_batnames2023	CITES_batnames2023	IUCN_batnames2023	COMMENTS_batnames2023	name MDD2023	id_MDD2023	phylosort_MDD2023	mainCommonName_MDD2023	otherCommonNames_MDD2023	subclass_MDD2023	infraclass_MDD2023	magnorder_MDD2023	superorder_MDD2023	order_MDD2023	suborder_MDD2023	infraorder_MDD2023	parvorder_MDD2023	superfamily_MDD2023	Family_mdd2023	subfamily_MDD2023	tribe_MDD2023	genus_MDD2023	subgenus_MDD2023	specificEpithet_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD2023	authorityParentheses_MDD2023	originalNameCombination_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD2023	holotypeVoucher_MDD2023	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD2023	typeLocality_MDD2023	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD2023	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD2023	nominalNames_MDD2023	taxonomyNotes_MDD2023	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD2023	distributionNotes_MDD2023	distributionNotesCitation_MDD2023	subregionDistribution_MDD2023	countryDistribution_MDD2023	continentDistribution_MDD2023	biogeographicRealm_MDD2023	iucnStatus_MDD2023	extinct_MDD2023	domestic_MDD2023	flagged_MDD2023	CMW_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceCMW_MDD2023	MSW3_matchtype_MDD2023	MSW3_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceMSW3_MDD2023	docOrigin_MDD2025	sciName	id	phylosort	mainCommonName	otherCommonNames	subclass	infraclass	magnorder	superorder	order	suborder	infraorder	parvorder	superfamily	family	subfamily	tribe	genus	subgenus	specificEpithet	authoritySpeciesAuthor	authorityParentheses	originalNameCombination	authoritySpeciesCitation	authoritySpeciesLink	typeVoucher	typeKind	typeVoucherURIs	typeLocality	typeLocalityLatitude	typeLocalityLongitude	taxonomyNotes	taxonomyNotesCitation	distributionNotes	distributionNotesCitation	subregionDistribution	countryDistribution	continentDistribution	biogeographicRealm	iucnStatus	extinct	domestic	flagged	CMW_sciName	diffSinceCMW	MSW3_matchtype	MSW3_sciName	diffSinceMSW3	docOrigin_batnames2025	Family	Genus	Subgenus	Species	Author	Date	Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1058	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Nyctimene albiventer	Nyctimene albiventer	Nyctimene albiventer	Nyctimene albiventer	Nyctimene albiventer	Nyctimene albiventer	Nyctimene albiventer	Nyctimene albiventer	Nyctimene albiventer	Nyctimene albiventer	Nyctimene albiventer	Nyctimene albiventer	Nyctimene albiventris	Nyctimene albiventris	Nyctimene albiventris		[MSW2] Formerly included dracotiilla; see Hill (1983:132). Does not include bougainville, which Smith and Hood (1983) placed in vizcaccia. Includes papuanus, but see Peterson (1991).; [MSW3] albiventer species group. Does not include draconilla; see Hill (1983). Does not include bougainville, which Smith and Hood (1983) placed in vizcaccia. Includes papuanus, see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Peterson (1991) treated papuanus as a distinct species but provided no comparisons with albiventer. Does not include keasti; see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Also see Flannery (1995a, b). Aru Isl population has not been allocated to subspecies; see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Reviewed by Bergmans (2001).; [HMW] Cynopterus (Uronycteris) albiventer J. E. Gray, 1863 , “Morty [= Morotai] Island,” Moluccas , Indonesia . Nyctimene albiventer 1s in the albiventer species group. Taxonomic relationship of species in the albiventer group is unresolved and currently under revision. Limited published genetic data suggest that the albiventer group is not monophyletic. Nyctimene keasti and N. viscaccia have been considered subspecies or synonyms of N. albiventer but are now considered distinct species. Taxon papuanus is included under N. albiventer as a subspecies, butthis name certainly represents a distinct species (possibly even multiple species throughout New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago ). Comparison between papuanus and albrventer by K. M. Helgen and colleagues in 2009 suggested that they were distinct species, although there is continued revision, and this change is not used here. True N. albiventeris most likely endemic to Moluccas . Nyctimene albiventerand N. vizcaccia are apparently found in Bismarck Archipelago as currently defined. Placement of N. draconilla and N. masalai is uncertain because draconilla was listed as a distinct species without clarifying its diagnostic characteristics and masalai was included in N. albiventerand is morphologically very similar to N. albiventer . The name minutus is considered a synonym of nominate subspecies because holotype of minutus and only representative labeled from Sulawesi ofits kind seems to represent a geographically mislabeled N. albiventer rather than N. varius from Moluccas , according to Helgen in K. P. Aplin and K. N. Armstrong in 2016. Subspecific and specific status of most of these populations is unresolved and requires additional research. Two subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022]  albiventer species group. Includes minutus , whose holotype appears to be a mislabelled albiventer (see Burgin [2019] who cites a pers. comm. from K. Helgen in Aplin and Armstrong [2016]; this information does not appear in the [2021] assessment). Does not include draconilla; see Hill (1983). Does not include bougainville, which Smith and Hood (1983)placed in vizcaccia. Includes papuanus, see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Peterson (1991) treated papuanus as a distinct species but provided no comparisons with albiventer. Does not include keasti; see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Also see Flannery (1995a, b). Aru Isl population has not been allocated to subspecies; see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Reviewed by Bergmans (2001). A description of this species by Gray also appears in the Proceeding of the Zoological Society of London i1862, III:261-263.; [MDD2022] includes the name minutus as a synonym (name for that species changed to N. varius); [IUCN] Many different morphologically distinct forms of tube-nosed fruit bat have been grouped under this name, sharing in common little more than their relatively small size. In reality, the name albiventer currently subsumes members of at least two quite different species complexes that are not particularly closely related to each other. The typical form N. a. albiventer was described from the Moluccas and appears to be endemic to that region. Multiple distinct taxa are present on the main island of New Guinea, often with two or more distinct forms occurring in sympatry. Populations on surrounding island groups including the Aru, Rajah Ampat, Admiralty, St Matthias and Solomon Islands, the Kei Group, the Bismarck Archipelago, all require clarification of their taxonomic status. There are several available names including papuanus and bougainville , but some forms appear to be unnamed. Another member of this group is draconilla , which has been recognised as distinct from ‘albiventer’ on the main island of New Guinea but without any clarity about its diagnostic morphological characters or distribution. Simmons (2005) considers the Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands to support populations of a separate species, N. vizcaccia , but note that an additional form of ‘albiventer’ is also present on the islands of the Bismarck Archipelago.</span>; [batnames2023]  albiventer species group. Includes minutus , whose holotype appears to be a mislabelled albiventer (see Burgin [2019] who cites a pers. comm. from K. Helgen in Aplin and Armstrong [2016]; this information does not appear in the [2021] assessment). Does not include draconilla; see Hill (1983). Does not include bougainville, which Smith and Hood (1983)placed in vizcaccia. Includes papuanus, see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Peterson (1991) treated papuanus as a distinct species but provided no comparisons with albiventer. Does not include keasti; see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Also see Flannery (1995a, b). Aru Isl population has not been allocated to subspecies; see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Reviewed by Bergmans (2001). A description of this species by Gray also appears in the Proceeding of the Zoological Society of London i1862, III:261-263.; [MDD2023] includes the name minutus as a synonym (name for that species changed to N. varius); [MDD2025_2.0] includes the name minutus as a synonym (name for that species changed to N. varius); [batnames2025_1.7] albiventrisspecies group. Includes minutus, whose holotype appears to be a mislabelled albiventeris (see Burgin [2019] who cites a pers. comm. from K. Helgen in Aplin and Armstrong [2016]; this information does not appear in the [2021] assessment). Does not include draconilla; see Hill (1983). Does not include bougainville, which Smith and Hood (1983)placed in vizcaccia. Includes papuanus, see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Peterson (1991) treated papuanus as a distinct species but provided no comparisons with albiventris. Does not include keasti; see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Also see Flannery (1995a, b). Aru Isl population has not been allocated to subspecies; see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Reviewed by Bergmans (2001). A description of this species by Gray also appears in the Proceeding of the Zoological Society of London i1862, III:261-263. The species epithet is treated as an adjective, rather than a noun in apposition.; [MDD2025_2.2] includes the name minutus as a synonym (name for that species changed to N. varius)						papuanus.	albiventer, papuanus	albiventer, papuanus		albiventer, papuanus	minutus?	albiventer, papuanus		albiventer, minutus, papuanus	Many different morphologically distinct forms of tube-nosed fruit bat have been grouped under this name, sharing in common little more than their relatively small size. In reality, the name albiventer currently subsumes members of at least two quite different species complexes that are not particularly closely related to each other. The typical form N. a. albiventer was described from the Moluccas and appears to be endemic to that region. Multiple distinct taxa are present on the main island of New Guinea, often with two or more distinct forms occurring in sympatry. Populations on surrounding island groups including the Aru, Rajah Ampat, Admiralty, St Matthias and Solomon Islands, the Kei Group, the Bismarck Archipelago, all require clarification of their taxonomic status. There are several available names including papuanus and bougainville , but some forms appear to be unnamed. Another member of this group is draconilla , which has been recognised as distinct from ‘albiventer’ on the main island of New Guinea but without any clarity about its diagnostic morphological characters or distribution. Simmons (2005) considers the Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands to support populations of a separate species, N. vizcaccia , but note that an additional form of ‘albiventer’ is also present on the islands of the Bismarck Archipelago.</span>	albiventer, papuanus	albiventer - minutus	albiventer, minutus, papuanus	albiventris, minuta, papuana	albiventeris, papuanus	albiventeris - minutus	albiventris (J. E. Gray, 1863)|minuta Andersen, 1910|papuana Andersen, 1910		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Common tube-nosed bat	N Moluccas, New Guinea, Admiralty Is – Solomon Is, NE Australia	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Nyctimene albiventer	Indonesia, Molucca Isis., Morotai Isl.	Gray	1863	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1862:262.	Distribution: Ranging from the Moluccas through New Guinea to the Bis marcks (the Australian record is in error).		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Common tube-nosed bat	N Moluccas, New Guinea, Admiralty Is – Solomon Is, (?) NE Australia	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Gray	1863	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1862:262 [1863].	Formerly included dracotiilla; see Hill (1983:132). Does not include bougainville, which Smith and Hood (1983) placed in vizcaccia. Includes papuanus, but see Peterson (1991).	New Guinea, Molucca and Kei Isis, Solomon Isis, N Queensland (Australia), Bismarck Arch.	Indonesia, Molucca Isis, Morotai Isl.		GRAY	1863	Size fairly small (forearm length, 50-59 mm; maxillary tooth row length, 8.7-10.3 mm). Inner cusp of middle upper premolar not completely fused with outer.	Distribution: Ranging from the Moluccas through New Guinea to the Bis marcks (the Australian record is in error).	Two subspecies.	N. a. albiventer (northern Moluccas), N. a. papuanus (Kei islands, New Guinea, Bismarcks).	36	species	N. albiventer	GRAY	1863	Nyctimene	genus	Nyctimene albiventer				Size fairly small (forearm length, 50-59 mm; maxillary tooth row length, 8.7-10.3 mm). Inner cusp of middle upper premolar not completely fused with outer.	Two subspecies.		3. N. albiventer (GRAY 1863) [albiventer group],	3	_N. a. albiventris_ (Gray, 1863) (synonyms: _minuta_ Andersen, 1910); _N. a. papuana_ Andersen, 1910			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Nyctimene albiventer	Nyctimene		albiventer	Gray	y	1862	1863	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1862		262		Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	Indonesia, Maluku, Morotai Isl.	New Guinea, Molucca Isls.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Not Threatened. IUCN 2003 – Lower Risk (lc).	papuanus K. Andersen, 1910.	albiventer species group. Does not include draconilla; see Hill (1983). Does not include bougainville, which Smith and Hood (1983) placed in vizcaccia. Includes papuanus, see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Peterson (1991) treated papuanus as a distinct species but provided no comparisons with albiventer. Does not include keasti; see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Also see Flannery (1995a, b). Aru Isl population has not been allocated to subspecies; see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Reviewed by Bergmans (2001).	03AD87FAFFF8F6178CAF3881FD83F210	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	118	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFF8F6178CAF3881FD83F210.xml	Nyctimene albiventer	Pteropodidae	Nyctimene	albiventer		1863	Nyctimene a ventre blanc @fr | Gemeiner Rohrennasenflughund @de | Nyctimeno de vientre blanco @es | Common Tube-nosed Bat @en	Cynopterus (Uronycteris) albiventer J. E. Gray, 1863 , “Morty [= Morotai] Island,” Moluccas , Indonesia . Nyctimene albiventer 1s in the albiventer species group. Taxonomic relationship of species in the albiventer group is unresolved and currently under revision. Limited published genetic data suggest that the albiventer group is not monophyletic. Nyctimene keasti and N. viscaccia have been considered subspecies or synonyms of N. albiventer but are now considered distinct species. Taxon papuanus is included under N. albiventer as a subspecies, butthis name certainly represents a distinct species (possibly even multiple species throughout New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago ). Comparison between papuanus and albrventer by K. M. Helgen and colleagues in 2009 suggested that they were distinct species, although there is continued revision, and this change is not used here. True N. albiventeris most likely endemic to Moluccas . Nyctimene albiventerand N. vizcaccia are apparently found in Bismarck Archipelago as currently defined. Placement of N. draconilla and N. masalai is uncertain because draconilla was listed as a distinct species without clarifying its diagnostic characteristics and masalai was included in N. albiventerand is morphologically very similar to N. albiventer . The name minutus is considered a synonym of nominate subspecies because holotype of minutus and only representative labeled from Sulawesi ofits kind seems to represent a geographically mislabeled N. albiventer rather than N. varius from Moluccas , according to Helgen in K. P. Aplin and K. N. Armstrong in 2016. Subspecific and specific status of most of these populations is unresolved and requires additional research. Two subspecies recognized.	N.a.albwenterJ.E.Gray,1863—NMoluccas(Morotai,Halmahera,Bacan,andObi)andRajaAmpatIs(Waigeo,Batanta,andSalawati). N. a. papuanus K. Andersen, 1910 — lowland New Guinea and N Aru Is. Populations on Kai Is, Admiralty Is, and Bismarck Archipelago are not currently assigned to either taxon.	Head-body 743- 115 mm ,tail 18-25- 5 mm , ear 11- 5-16 mm , hindfoot 11-22- 2 mm , forearm 55-67 mm ; weight 27-5-55- 5 g . Females tend to be paler than males. Rostrum of the Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat is short, with long tubular divergent nostrils that curve outward at rims. Ears are long, with pointed tips; eyes are large, with amber irises. Dorsal pelage is dark to light brown, with varying hues of gray, yellow, or orange (hairs are dark brown except for whitish bases); ventral pelage and flanks are golden to whitish or white, with gold variably on chest. There is also distinct and wavy narrow ( 2-4 mm wide) dark brown dorsal stripe, extending from rump to between shoulder blades and fading or absent above shoulder blades. Wings, nostrils, and ears are variably covered in bright yellow spots. Wings are greenish black to black, with variable amounts of yellow and dark spotting; second digit of wing has a claw, and wing attaches at second digit of foot. Tail is very short, black, and wrinkled, and narrow uropatagium connects at base and stretches to calcar at ankles. Claws are black. Skull and mandible are robust; distal parts of premaxillae project forward below nasal opening. Single lower incisor is completely deciduous, falling out before adulthood; lower molars are broad and rounded in dorsal view; C, replaces incisors and is long and powerful; P, is elongated and longer than P and P; inner and outer cusps of P? and P, are not to weakly fused; M,is slightly shorter than P_; M,is short; and canines are apparently more robust than in the Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (N. draconilla ).	Primary lowland rainforests, hill forests, Melaleuca ( Myrtaceae ) savannas, monsoon forests, secondary forests, rural gardens, sago palm plantations, and various another types of plantation.	Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bats are primarily frugivorous based on stomach contents and general tooth morphology. Stomachs have primarily contained pulped vegetable matter, but one contained beetles and ants and another had remains of moths. This suggests that insect prey is occasionally eaten, but whether this is accidental or purposeful has yet to be clarified.	Reproductively active Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bats have been recorded in every month in New Guinea , but there is evidence of seasonal reproduction at various localities. Litters have one young. Females can have two litters/year, with 5-6 months of gestation and lactation for each young. After birth, their mothers carry young while they forage, and young are left at roosts when they are larger.	The Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat is nocturnal, spending the day roosting and foraging throughout the night. It was only captured around dawn in one study. When ambient temperatures cool,it can enter torpor to conserve energy by lowering body temperature and metabolic rate. After four hours at 25°C, body temperatures lowered to 27-8-29-6°C, and metabolic rate was one-third of that of a homeothermic individual. It usually roosts among dry leaves in understories and mid-canopies.	Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bats roost alone or in mother-young pairs.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. As currently defined, the Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat represents a species complex that has a widespread distribution. It is common throughoutits distribution and has no major threats, but if it is split into multiple species, populations of each might be threatened.	Aplin & Armstrong (2016c¢) | Bartholomew et al. (1970) | Bergmans (2001) | Bonaccorso (1998) | Colgan & Costa (2002) | Donnellan et al. (1995) | Flannery (1995a, 1995b) | Giannini & Simmons (2007a) | Helgen (2007a) | Helgen, Opiang & Thomas (2009) | Hutson, Helgen, Schlitter & Suyanto (2008) | Irwin (2017) | Kitchener, Packer & Suyanto (1995) | Macaranas et al. (2003) | McNab & Bonaccorso (2001) | Newbound et al. (2008) | Pattiselanno (2013) | Vestjens & Hall (1977)		104. Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat Nyctimene albiventer French: Nyctimene a ventre blanc / German: Gemeiner Rohrennasenflughund / Spanish: Nyctimeno de vientre blanco Other common names: Common Tube-nosed Bat Taxonomy. Cynopterus (Uronycteris) albiventer J. E. Gray, 1863 , “Morty [= Morotai] Island,” Moluccas , Indonesia . Nyctimene albiventer 1s in the albiventer species group. Taxonomic relationship of species in the albiventer group is unresolved and currently under revision. Limited published genetic data suggest that the albiventer group is not monophyletic. Nyctimene keasti and N. viscaccia have been considered subspecies or synonyms of N. albiventer but are now considered distinct species. Taxon papuanus is included under N. albiventer as a subspecies, butthis name certainly represents a distinct species (possibly even multiple species throughout New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago ). Comparison between papuanus and albrventer by K. M. Helgen and colleagues in 2009 suggested that they were distinct species, although there is continued revision, and this change is not used here. True N. albiventeris most likely endemic to Moluccas . Nyctimene albiventerand N. vizcaccia are apparently found in Bismarck Archipelago as currently defined. Placement of N. draconilla and N. masalai is uncertain because draconilla was listed as a distinct species without clarifying its diagnostic characteristics and masalai was included in N. albiventerand is morphologically very similar to N. albiventer . The name minutus is considered a synonym of nominate subspecies because holotype of minutus and only representative labeled from Sulawesi ofits kind seems to represent a geographically mislabeled N. albiventer rather than N. varius from Moluccas , according to Helgen in K. P. Aplin and K. N. Armstrong in 2016. Subspecific and specific status of most of these populations is unresolved and requires additional research. Two subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. N.a.albwenterJ.E.Gray,1863—NMoluccas(Morotai,Halmahera,Bacan,andObi)andRajaAmpatIs(Waigeo,Batanta,andSalawati). N. a. papuanus K. Andersen, 1910 — lowland New Guinea and N Aru Is. Populations on Kai Is, Admiralty Is, and Bismarck Archipelago are not currently assigned to either taxon. Descriptive notes. Head-body 743- 115 mm ,tail 18-25- 5 mm , ear 11- 5-16 mm , hindfoot 11-22- 2 mm , forearm 55-67 mm ; weight 27-5-55- 5 g . Females tend to be paler than males. Rostrum of the Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat is short, with long tubular divergent nostrils that curve outward at rims. Ears are long, with pointed tips; eyes are large, with amber irises. Dorsal pelage is dark to light brown, with varying hues of gray, yellow, or orange (hairs are dark brown except for whitish bases); ventral pelage and flanks are golden to whitish or white, with gold variably on chest. There is also distinct and wavy narrow ( 2-4 mm wide) dark brown dorsal stripe, extending from rump to between shoulder blades and fading or absent above shoulder blades. Wings, nostrils, and ears are variably covered in bright yellow spots. Wings are greenish black to black, with variable amounts of yellow and dark spotting; second digit of wing has a claw, and wing attaches at second digit of foot. Tail is very short, black, and wrinkled, and narrow uropatagium connects at base and stretches to calcar at ankles. Claws are black. Skull and mandible are robust; distal parts of premaxillae project forward below nasal opening. Single lower incisor is completely deciduous, falling out before adulthood; lower molars are broad and rounded in dorsal view; C, replaces incisors and is long and powerful; P, is elongated and longer than P and P; inner and outer cusps of P? and P, are not to weakly fused; M,is slightly shorter than P_; M,is short; and canines are apparently more robust than in the Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (N. draconilla ). Habitat. Primary lowland rainforests, hill forests, Melaleuca ( Myrtaceae ) savannas, monsoon forests, secondary forests, rural gardens, sago palm plantations, and various another types of plantation. Food and Feeding. Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bats are primarily frugivorous based on stomach contents and general tooth morphology. Stomachs have primarily contained pulped vegetable matter, but one contained beetles and ants and another had remains of moths. This suggests that insect prey is occasionally eaten, but whether this is accidental or purposeful has yet to be clarified. Breeding. Reproductively active Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bats have been recorded in every month in New Guinea , but there is evidence of seasonal reproduction at various localities. Litters have one young. Females can have two litters/year, with 5-6 months of gestation and lactation for each young. After birth, their mothers carry young while they forage, and young are left at roosts when they are larger. Activity patterns. The Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat is nocturnal, spending the day roosting and foraging throughout the night. It was only captured around dawn in one study. When ambient temperatures cool,it can enter torpor to conserve energy by lowering body temperature and metabolic rate. After four hours at 25°C, body temperatures lowered to 27-8-29-6°C, and metabolic rate was one-third of that of a homeothermic individual. It usually roosts among dry leaves in understories and mid-canopies. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bats roost alone or in mother-young pairs. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. As currently defined, the Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat represents a species complex that has a widespread distribution. It is common throughoutits distribution and has no major threats, but if it is split into multiple species, populations of each might be threatened. Bibliography. Aplin & Armstrong (2016c¢), Bartholomew et al. (1970), Bergmans (2001), Bonaccorso (1998), Colgan & Costa (2002), Donnellan et al. (1995), Flannery (1995a, 1995b), Giannini & Simmons (2007a), Helgen (2007a), Helgen, Opiang & Thomas (2009), Hutson, Helgen, Schlitter & Suyanto (2008), Irwin (2017), Kitchener, Packer & Suyanto (1995), Macaranas et al. (2003), McNab & Bonaccorso (2001), Newbound et al. (2008), Pattiselanno (2013), Vestjens & Hall (1977).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Nyctimene albiventer	Nyctimene		albiventer	Gray	1862	1	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 3, 10: 397	Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	<b> papuanus </b> K. Andersen, 1910.	Indonesia, Maluku, Morotai Isl.	New Guinea, Molucca Isls.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 albiventer species group. Includes minutus , whose holotype appears to be a mislabelled albiventer (see Burgin [2019] who cites a pers. comm. from K. Helgen in Aplin and Armstrong [2016]; this information does not appear in the [2021] assessment). Does not include draconilla; see Hill (1983). Does not include bougainville, which Smith and Hood (1983)placed in vizcaccia. Includes papuanus, see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Peterson (1991) treated papuanus as a distinct species but provided no comparisons with albiventer. Does not include keasti; see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Also see Flannery (1995a, b). Aru Isl population has not been allocated to subspecies; see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Reviewed by Bergmans (2001). A description of this species by Gray also appears in the Proceeding of the Zoological Society of London i1862, III:261-263.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Nyctimene albiventer	23	Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	Common Tube-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	NYCTIMENINAE	NA	Nyctimene	NA	albiventer	J. E. Gray	1863	1						"Morty [= Morotai] Island," Moluccas, Indonesia.			albiventer (J. E. Gray, 1863)|minutus K. Andersen, 1910|papuanus K. Andersen, 1910	includes the name minutus as a synonym (name for that species changed to N. varius)	Wilson, D. E. & Mittermeier, R. A.Handbook of the Mammals of the World. 9. Bats. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.	Indonesia|Papua New Guinea	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Nyctimene_albiventer	0	sciname match	Nyctimene_albiventer	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	14962	Nyctimene albiventer	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Nyctimene	albiventer	(Gray, 1863)	Many different morphologically distinct forms of tube-nosed fruit bat have been grouped under this name, sharing in common little more than their relatively small size. In reality, the name albiventer currently subsumes members of at least two quite different species complexes that are not particularly closely related to each other. The typical form N. a. albiventer was described from the Moluccas and appears to be endemic to that region. Multiple distinct taxa are present on the main island of New Guinea, often with two or more distinct forms occurring in sympatry. Populations on surrounding island groups including the Aru, Rajah Ampat, Admiralty, St Matthias and Solomon Islands, the Kei Group, the Bismarck Archipelago, all require clarification of their taxonomic status. There are several available names including papuanus and bougainville , but some forms appear to be unnamed. Another member of this group is draconilla , which has been recognised as distinct from ‘albiventer’ on the main island of New Guinea but without any clarity about its diagnostic morphological characters or distribution. Simmons (2005) considers the Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands to support populations of a separate species, N. vizcaccia , but note that an additional form of ‘albiventer’ is also present on the islands of the Bismarck Archipelago.</span>	200000000	Nyctimene albiventer	Least Concern		2021	2016-03-10 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is not believed to be declining across many parts of its geographic range. However, because this species will be split into a number of component species and subspecies in the near future, it is likely that some populations (such as those on the Kei and Admiralty Islands) may be of conservation concern.	Members of this group can be locally abundant in primary lowland rainforest, hill forest, Melaleuca savannah and monsoon forests, and in derived secondary forest, native gardens and sago palm and other plantations. During the day animals roost singly or in mother-infant pairs within understorey to mid-canopy vegetation, usually among dry leaves. Pregnant females have been collected on New Guinea in almost every month but there is good evidence for seasonal reproduction at some localities, albeit without island-wide synchrony. As in all other pteropodids, females carry a single embryo and the young are initially carried during foraging activities but later they are left behind at a roost site. Gestation and weaning periods are not known.	Habitat clearance and conversion to monoculture plantations represent the only significant known threats to this species. These threats may be particularly pressing on the Moluccan and Kei Islands, and on the islands of the Admiralty and Bismarck groups. All members of the albiventer group are too small to be systematically hunted and their habit of roosting singly through the canopy would makes them difficult to harvest efficiently.	Across much of the Moluccan and Melanesian regions, small tube-nosed fruit bats of the general ‘albiventer ’ form appear common. Bonaccorso (1998) and Flannery (1995a) reported that it was one of the most abundant fruit bats found in the primary rainforests of Papua New Guinea but in some areas forms of ‘albiventer ’ can be equally abundant in garden and secondary forest habitats. All members of the ‘albiventer ’ group are much less abundant at higher elevation and peak taxonomic diversity and abundance is probably attained within the Hill Forest zone between 100 m and c. 600 m a.s.l.	Stable	This composite ‘species’ has been recorded from the islands of Halmahera, Obi, Batjan, Waigeo, and Salawati (all Indonesia), and eastwards to the island of New Guinea (Indonesia and Papua New Guinea) and its various satellite groups including the Aru and Kei Islands (Indonesia), the Admiralty Group and the Bismarck Archipelago (Flannery 1995a,b). The total elevational range of all members of the group is from sea level to 1,900 m a.s.l.		Terrestrial	This species is likely to be found in almost every protected area within its broader distribution. Work is needed to determine the taxonomic status of populations on the main island of New Guinea where several species of the group may be found in sympatry, and on the Kei Islands, the Bismarck, Admiralty and St Matthias groups, and in the Solomon Islands. Once the taxonomy is resolved, the status of individual species will need to be reassessed and taxon-specific conservation measures may need to be developed.	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Nyctimene		albiventer	Gray	1862	1	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 3, 10: 397	Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	<b> papuanus </b> K. Andersen, 1910.	Indonesia, Maluku, Morotai Isl.	New Guinea, Molucca Isls.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 albiventer species group. Includes minutus , whose holotype appears to be a mislabelled albiventer (see Burgin [2019] who cites a pers. comm. from K. Helgen in Aplin and Armstrong [2016]; this information does not appear in the [2021] assessment). Does not include draconilla; see Hill (1983). Does not include bougainville, which Smith and Hood (1983)placed in vizcaccia. Includes papuanus, see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Peterson (1991) treated papuanus as a distinct species but provided no comparisons with albiventer. Does not include keasti; see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Also see Flannery (1995a, b). Aru Isl population has not been allocated to subspecies; see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Reviewed by Bergmans (2001). A description of this species by Gray also appears in the Proceeding of the Zoological Society of London i1862, III:261-263.	Nyctimene albiventer	1004415	23	Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	Common Tube-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	NYCTIMENINAE	NA	Nyctimene	NA	albiventer	J. E. Gray	1863	1						"Morty [= Morotai] Island," Moluccas, Indonesia.			albiventer (J. E. Gray, 1863)|minutus K. Andersen, 1910|papuanus K. Andersen, 1910	includes the name minutus as a synonym (name for that species changed to N. varius)	Wilson, D. E. & Mittermeier, R. A.Handbook of the Mammals of the World. 9. Bats. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.				Indonesia|Papua New Guinea	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Nyctimene_albiventer	0	sciname match	Nyctimene_albiventer	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Nyctimene_albiventris	1004415	23	Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	Common Tube-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Nyctimeninae	NA	Nyctimene	NA	albiventris	J. E. Gray	1	Cynopterus (Uronycteris) albiventer	Gray, J.E. 1863-04. Description of some new species of Mammalia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862(3):261-263.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31577306	BMNH:Mamm:1862.10.21.5	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/a5671ae8-28db-4841-a87f-9fd5f037e915	"Morty [= Morotai] Island," Moluccas, Indonesia.			includes the name minutus as a synonym (name for that species changed to N. varius)	Wilson, D. E. & Mittermeier, R. A.Handbook of the Mammals of the World. 9. Bats. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.				Indonesia|Papua New Guinea	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia	LC (as Nyctimene albiventer)	0	0	0	Nyctimene_albiventer	0	sciname match	Nyctimene_albiventer	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Nyctimene		albiventris	Gray	1862	1	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 3, 10: 397	Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat	papuanus  K. Andersen, 1910.	Indonesia, Maluku, Morotai Isl.	New Guinea, Molucca Isls.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14962/209535483/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	albiventrisspecies group. Includes minutus, whose holotype appears to be a mislabelled albiventeris (see Burgin [2019] who cites a pers. comm. from K. Helgen in Aplin and Armstrong [2016]; this information does not appear in the [2021] assessment). Does not include draconilla; see Hill (1983). Does not include bougainville, which Smith and Hood (1983)placed in vizcaccia. Includes papuanus, see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Peterson (1991) treated papuanus as a distinct species but provided no comparisons with albiventris. Does not include keasti; see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Also see Flannery (1995a, b). Aru Isl population has not been allocated to subspecies; see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Reviewed by Bergmans (2001). A description of this species by Gray also appears in the Proceeding of the Zoological Society of London i1862, III:261-263. The species epithet is treated as an adjective, rather than a noun in apposition.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Nyctimene albiventer; Nyctimene albiventer; Nyctimene albiventer; Nyctimene albiventer; Nyctimene albiventer; Nyctimene albiventer; albiventer; papuanus; albiventer; papuanus; minutus?; papuanus; albiventer; minutus; papuanus; Nyctimene a ventre blanc; Gemeiner Rohrennasenflughund; Nyctimeno de vientre blanco; Common Tube-nosed Bat; Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat; Common Tube-nosed Bat; Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat; Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat; N. albiventer