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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1034	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Nyctalus plancyi	Nyctalus plancyi	Nyctalus plancyi	Nyctalus plancyi	Nyctalus plancyi	Nyctalus plancyi	Nyctalus plancyi	Nyctalus plancyi	Nyctalus plancyi	Nyctalus plancyi		[MSW3] Included in noctula by Corbet (1978c) and Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Tate (1942a), Yoshiyuki (1989), Zhang (1990), and L. K. Lin et al. (2002b). This name is sometimes misspelled plancei, but the correct spelling is plancyi after M. V. Collin Plancy.; [HMW] Vesperugo (Noctula) plancy: Gerbe, 1880 , Peking , China . The genus Nyctalus seems to be nested well within Pipustrellus close to P. nathusuu, making Pipistrellus paraphyletic, and indicating that further studies into the relationships between the two genera are greatly needed. N. plancyi seems to be the most basal lineage within the genus. The species has generally been included in N. noctula , which has led to some confusion over geographic limits, but this species is recognized here based on its genetic and morphological distinctions. Race velutinus has occasionally been treated as a distinct species. Race labiatus was previously considered a subspecies of N. noctula but is morphologically very distinct from that species, according to unpublished data by G. Csorba and measurements from S. V. Kruskop and D. A. Vasenkov in 2016, which also compared them with N. plancyi (based on a few samples). To date, race labiatus has not been compared genetically with N. noctula or N. p. plancy: in any published articles; for the present it is provisionally treated as a subspecies of N. plancyi , although it almost certainly represents a distinct species, as indicated by its morphological divergence. The species name is sometimes misspelled plancei. Three subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Included in noctula by Corbet (1978 c ) and Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Tate (1942 a ), Yoshiyuki (1989), Zhang(1990), and L. K. Lin et al. (2002 b ). This name is sometimes misspelled plancei , but the correct spelling is plancyi after M. V. Collin Plancy.; [MDD2022] tentatively included labiatus, which likely represents a distinct species; if labiatus does end up representing a subspecies of N. plancyi, it would have nomenclatural priority over plancyi; [IUCN] There are two subspecies Nyctalus placyi plancyi Gerbe, 1880 (occurring in Beijing, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Liaoning, and Jilin) and N. p. velutinus Allen, 1923 (occurring in Fujian, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Taiwan) (Smith and Xie 2008).; [batnames2023] Included in noctula by Corbet (1978 c ) and Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Tate (1942 a ), Yoshiyuki (1989), Zhang(1990), and L. K. Lin et al. (2002 b ). This name is sometimes misspelled plancei , but the correct spelling is plancyi after M. V. Collin Plancy.; [MDD2023] tentatively included labiatus, which likely represents a distinct species; if labiatus does end up representing a subspecies of N. plancyi, it would have nomenclatural priority over plancyi; [MDD2025_2.0] tentatively included labiatus, which likely represents a distinct species; if labiatus does end up representing a subspecies of N. plancyi, it would have nomenclatural priority over plancyi; [batnames2025_1.7] Included in noctula by Corbet (1978c) and Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Tate (1942a), Yoshiyuki (1989), Zhang(1990), and L. K. Lin et al. (2002b). This name is sometimes misspelled plancei, but the correct spelling is plancyiafter M. V. Collin Plancy.; [MDD2025_2.2] tentatively included labiatus, which likely represents a distinct species; if labiatus does end up representing a subspecies of N. plancyi, it would have nomenclatural priority over plancyi								plancyi, velutinus		plancyi, labiatus, velutinus		plancyi, velutinus		labiatus, plancyi, velutinus	There are two subspecies Nyctalus placyi plancyi Gerbe, 1880 (occurring in Beijing, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Liaoning, and Jilin) and N. p. velutinus Allen, 1923 (occurring in Fujian, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Taiwan) (Smith and Xie 2008).	plancyi, velutinus		labiatus, plancyi, velutinus 	labiatus, plancyi, velutinus, plancei, vetulinus	plancyi, velutinus		labiatus (B. H. Hodgson, 1835)|plancyi (Z. Gerbe, 1880)|velutinus G. M. Allen, 1923|plancei Tate, 1942 [incorrect subsequent spelling]|vetulinus M. A. Lawrence, 1993 [incorrect subsequent spelling]						N/A																																								_N. p. labiatus_ (Hodgson, 1835); _N. p. plancyi_ (Gerbe, 1880); _N. p. velutinus_ Allen, 1923			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Pipistrellini	Nyctalus plancyi	Nyctalus		plancyi	Gerbe		1880		Bull. Soc. Zool. France	5		71		Chinese Noctule	China, Peking.	E China, Taiwan.	IUCN 2003 – Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	velutinus G. M. Allen, 1923.	Included in noctula by Corbet (1978c) and Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Tate (1942a), Yoshiyuki (1989), Zhang (1990), and L. K. Lin et al. (2002b). This name is sometimes misspelled plancei, but the correct spelling is plancyi after M. V. Collin Plancy.	4C3D87E8FFFD6A43FA4E952F1D9FBCA2	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	764	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FFFD6A43FA4E952F1D9FBCA2.xml	Nyctalus plancyi	Vespertilionidae	Nyctalus	plancyi		1880	Noctule de Chine @fr | China-Abendsegler @de | Néctulode China @es | Chinese Mountain Bat @en | Mountain Noctule; Villus Noctule (velutinus) @en	Vesperugo (Noctula) plancy: Gerbe, 1880 , Peking , China . The genus Nyctalus seems to be nested well within Pipustrellus close to P. nathusuu, making Pipistrellus paraphyletic, and indicating that further studies into the relationships between the two genera are greatly needed. N. plancyi seems to be the most basal lineage within the genus. The species has generally been included in N. noctula , which has led to some confusion over geographic limits, but this species is recognized here based on its genetic and morphological distinctions. Race velutinus has occasionally been treated as a distinct species. Race labiatus was previously considered a subspecies of N. noctula but is morphologically very distinct from that species, according to unpublished data by G. Csorba and measurements from S. V. Kruskop and D. A. Vasenkov in 2016, which also compared them with N. plancyi (based on a few samples). To date, race labiatus has not been compared genetically with N. noctula or N. p. plancy: in any published articles; for the present it is provisionally treated as a subspecies of N. plancyi , although it almost certainly represents a distinct species, as indicated by its morphological divergence. The species name is sometimes misspelled plancei. Three subspecies recognized.	N.p.plancyiGerbe,1880—NE&ECChina(Gansu,Shaanxi,Shanxi,Henan,Beijing,Shandong,Liaoning,andJilin). N.p.labiatusHodgson,1835—HimalayasfromNPakistan,NIndia,Nepal,SCChina,andNMyanmaralongwithNW&SVietnam;mayoccurinThailand,NLaos,NEVietnam,andPeninsularMalaysia,buttherearenoconfirmedrecordsfromtheseregions. N. p. velutinus G. M. Allen, 1923 — C & SE China ( Sichuan , Yunnan , Hubei , Anhui , Jiangsu , Shanghai , Zhejiang , Guizhou , Guangxi , Hunan , Jiangxi , Fujian , Guangdong , and Hong Kong ) and Taiwan I. The subspecific status of recently collected specimens from the Central Cordillera of Luzon I in the Philippines is uncertain, although they may represent velutinus. Another specimen recently collected from Hainan I may also represent velutinus.	Head-body 65-87 mm, tail 36-59 mm, ear 15-18 mm, hindfoot 10-14 mm, forearm 47-50 mm; weight 19-29-1 g (weight only from Luzon and southern Vietnam ). The Chinese Noctule is similar to the Common Noctule ( Nyctalus noctula ); its tail extends a few millimeters beyond uropatagium. Dorsal pelage is dark brown, sometimes with a deep reddish tint in bright light and a glossy sheen (individual hairs are bicolored). Ventral pelageis a little paler brown, with an orange tint. Fur extends only a small distance onto patagium. Dense fur extends to anterior elbow and posterior humerus, and sparse fur extends laterally from elbow to base of fingers. Face, ears, wings, and uropatagium are darkly pigmented and mostly naked, except for some fine hairs growing on lips. Muzzle is short, with large glands between nostrils and eyes; ears are short, broad, and triangular with 4-5 folds on outer edge. Tragus is short, broad, and sharply curved anteriorly on upper one-half. Calcar is well developed. Penis is large and pendulous. Skull is relatively short and robust; zygomatic arches are slender; lambdoidal crest is well developed and conspicuous; palate is broad; auditory bullae are large with a well-developed basioccipital pit medial to each bulla. P? is not visible in lateral view, as C' and P* contact laterally; molars are well developed; lower molars are nyctalodont. Specimens assigned to N. p. labiatus tend to be larger with no reddish tint. Dental formula for all species of Nyctalus is 1 2/3, C1l/1,P2/2,M 3/3 (x2) = 34. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 36 and FN = 50, 32, or 54.	A variety of forested habitats throughoutits distribution, from temperate regions (north-eastern China ) to tropical remnant moist forest (Luzon). The Chinese Noctule is the most tropical species of Nyctalus , being the only one extending into South-east Asia. It is also common in urban environments. It is often found at elevations of 1000-2000 m but can be found as low as sea level. On Luzon, one specimen was captured at 2310 m on Mount Data, while two others were captured at 1730 m on Mount Amuyao.	Chinese Noctules are insectivorous. Foraging occurs high in the canopy, primarily during evening and early morning; the species forages by aerialhawking. On Hainan , individuals ofthis species were found foraging around streetlights in an urban environment, although in most urban settings, they will forage in nearby forests.	Delayed fertilization takes place in the Chinese Noctule. Mating occurs around October, and sperm is stored throughout hibernation. After exiting hibernation, ovulation begins around late March and early April. Gestation lasts ¢.50-60 days, and births usually occur from late Mayto late June. During breeding season, females create maternal colonies while males depart, leaving the females to raise the young. There are usually two young born, but one infant is also common. Young start learning to fly and hunt at c¢.5-6 weeks, and will reach sexual maturity during their first year oflife.	The Chinese Noctule is nocturnal, and spends the day roosting in colonies, coming outin evening and early morning to forage. It roosts in temples, under rooftiles, and in various parts of buildings in urban environments, while it generally roosts in caves, hollow trees, and rock crevices in the wild. Throughout much ofits range,itis known to hibernate starting in early to mid-November and exit hibernation around late March to early April. It is not known if the Chinese Noctule hibernates in southernmost portions ofits range, such as Luzon. In Hubei (central China ), call frequency ranges from c.24-9 kHz to ¢.79-4 kHz with pulse durations of 1:3-1-9 milliseconds. Call shape seems to be a relatively flat FM/QCF call.	Roosts often number many individuals in a large colony, and the Chinese Noctule will occasionally roost with other species, such as the Japanese Pipistrelle ( Pipistrellus abramus ). Chinese Noctules hibernate in colonies during winter, and then partition into maternal colonies during summer; females and young are in these maternal colonies together whereas males stay separate in their own roosts (often alone). The species is semi-migratory, moving short distances between summer breeding and foraging areas and winter hibernating areas. Its capacity of detecting weak magnetic fields may play a role in its ability to locate the breeding and hibernating grounds when migrating between the two.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Chinese Noctule is widespread and common throughout much of its range; no major threats are known. However, bioaccumulation of mercury and cadmium may be a threat to the species because ofits habit of foraging around plantations; further investigation is needed.	Ao Lei et al. (2006) | Bates et al. (2000) | Francis (2008a) | Heaney et al. (2012) | Heiker et al. (2018) | Jiang Lichun etal. (2019) | Kruskop & Vasenkov (2016) | Liang Renji & Dong Yongwen (1985) | Lin Liangkong et al. (2002a) | Liu Sha et al. (2018) | Miller et al. (2006) | Salgueiro et al. (2007) | Shi Hongyan, Liu Hao et al. (2008) | Shi Hongyan, Wu Yi & Hu Jingchu (2003) | Shi Hongyan, Wu Yi, Hu Jinchu & Li Yanhong (2001) | Smith & Johnston (2008a) | Smith & Xie Yan (2008) | Tian Lanxiang, Lin Wei et al. (2010) | Tian Lanxiang, Pan Yongxin et al. (2015) | Wu Yi, Harada & Li Yanhong (2004) | Yoshiyuki (1989) | Zhang Weidao (1990)	https://zenodo.org/record/6397784/files/figure.png	10. Chinese Noctule Nyctalus plancyi French: Noctule de Chine / German: China-Abendsegler / Spanish: Néctulo de China Other common names: Chinese Mountain Bat , Mountain Noctule; Villus Noctule (velutinus) Taxonomy. Vesperugo (Noctula) plancy: Gerbe, 1880 , Peking , China . The genus Nyctalus seems to be nested well within Pipustrellus close to P. nathusuu, making Pipistrellus paraphyletic, and indicating that further studies into the relationships between the two genera are greatly needed. N. plancyi seems to be the most basal lineage within the genus. The species has generally been included in N. noctula , which has led to some confusion over geographic limits, but this species is recognized here based on its genetic and morphological distinctions. Race velutinus has occasionally been treated as a distinct species. Race labiatus was previously considered a subspecies of N. noctula but is morphologically very distinct from that species, according to unpublished data by G. Csorba and measurements from S. V. Kruskop and D. A. Vasenkov in 2016, which also compared them with N. plancyi (based on a few samples). To date, race labiatus has not been compared genetically with N. noctula or N. p. plancy: in any published articles; for the present it is provisionally treated as a subspecies of N. plancyi , although it almost certainly represents a distinct species, as indicated by its morphological divergence. The species name is sometimes misspelled plancei. Three subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. N.p.plancyiGerbe,1880—NE&ECChina(Gansu,Shaanxi,Shanxi,Henan,Beijing,Shandong,Liaoning,andJilin). N.p.labiatusHodgson,1835—HimalayasfromNPakistan,NIndia,Nepal,SCChina,andNMyanmaralongwithNW&SVietnam;mayoccurinThailand,NLaos,NEVietnam,andPeninsularMalaysia,buttherearenoconfirmedrecordsfromtheseregions. N. p. velutinus G. M. Allen, 1923 — C & SE China ( Sichuan , Yunnan , Hubei , Anhui , Jiangsu , Shanghai , Zhejiang , Guizhou , Guangxi , Hunan , Jiangxi , Fujian , Guangdong , and Hong Kong ) and Taiwan I. The subspecific status of recently collected specimens from the Central Cordillera of Luzon I in the Philippines is uncertain, although they may represent velutinus. Another specimen recently collected from Hainan I may also represent velutinus. Descriptive notes. Head-body 65-87 mm, tail 36-59 mm, ear 15-18 mm, hindfoot 10-14 mm, forearm 47-50 mm; weight 19-29-1 g (weight only from Luzon and southern Vietnam ). The Chinese Noctule is similar to the Common Noctule ( Nyctalus noctula ); its tail extends a few millimeters beyond uropatagium. Dorsal pelage is dark brown, sometimes with a deep reddish tint in bright light and a glossy sheen (individual hairs are bicolored). Ventral pelageis a little paler brown, with an orange tint. Fur extends only a small distance onto patagium. Dense fur extends to anterior elbow and posterior humerus, and sparse fur extends laterally from elbow to base of fingers. Face, ears, wings, and uropatagium are darkly pigmented and mostly naked, except for some fine hairs growing on lips. Muzzle is short, with large glands between nostrils and eyes; ears are short, broad, and triangular with 4-5 folds on outer edge. Tragus is short, broad, and sharply curved anteriorly on upper one-half. Calcar is well developed. Penis is large and pendulous. Skull is relatively short and robust; zygomatic arches are slender; lambdoidal crest is well developed and conspicuous; palate is broad; auditory bullae are large with a well-developed basioccipital pit medial to each bulla. P? is not visible in lateral view, as C' and P* contact laterally; molars are well developed; lower molars are nyctalodont. Specimens assigned to N. p. labiatus tend to be larger with no reddish tint. Dental formula for all species of Nyctalus is 1 2/3, C1l/1,P2/2,M 3/3 (x2) = 34. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 36 and FN = 50, 32, or 54. Habitat. A variety of forested habitats throughoutits distribution, from temperate regions (north-eastern China ) to tropical remnant moist forest (Luzon). The Chinese Noctule is the most tropical species of Nyctalus , being the only one extending into South-east Asia. It is also common in urban environments. It is often found at elevations of 1000-2000 m but can be found as low as sea level. On Luzon, one specimen was captured at 2310 m on Mount Data, while two others were captured at 1730 m on Mount Amuyao. Food and Feeding. Chinese Noctules are insectivorous. Foraging occurs high in the canopy, primarily during evening and early morning; the species forages by aerialhawking. On Hainan , individuals ofthis species were found foraging around streetlights in an urban environment, although in most urban settings, they will forage in nearby forests. Breeding. Delayed fertilization takes place in the Chinese Noctule. Mating occurs around October, and sperm is stored throughout hibernation. After exiting hibernation, ovulation begins around late March and early April. Gestation lasts ¢.50-60 days, and births usually occur from late Mayto late June. During breeding season, females create maternal colonies while males depart, leaving the females to raise the young. There are usually two young born, but one infant is also common. Young start learning to fly and hunt at c¢.5-6 weeks, and will reach sexual maturity during their first year oflife. Activity patterns. The Chinese Noctule is nocturnal, and spends the day roosting in colonies, coming outin evening and early morning to forage. It roosts in temples, under rooftiles, and in various parts of buildings in urban environments, while it generally roosts in caves, hollow trees, and rock crevices in the wild. Throughout much ofits range,itis known to hibernate starting in early to mid-November and exit hibernation around late March to early April. It is not known if the Chinese Noctule hibernates in southernmost portions ofits range, such as Luzon. In Hubei (central China ), call frequency ranges from c.24-9 kHz to ¢.79-4 kHz with pulse durations of 1:3-1-9 milliseconds. Call shape seems to be a relatively flat FM/QCF call. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Roosts often number many individuals in a large colony, and the Chinese Noctule will occasionally roost with other species, such as the Japanese Pipistrelle ( Pipistrellus abramus ). Chinese Noctules hibernate in colonies during winter, and then partition into maternal colonies during summer; females and young are in these maternal colonies together whereas males stay separate in their own roosts (often alone). The species is semi-migratory, moving short distances between summer breeding and foraging areas and winter hibernating areas. Its capacity of detecting weak magnetic fields may play a role in its ability to locate the breeding and hibernating grounds when migrating between the two. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Chinese Noctule is widespread and common throughout much of its range; no major threats are known. However, bioaccumulation of mercury and cadmium may be a threat to the species because ofits habit of foraging around plantations; further investigation is needed. Bibliography. Ao Lei et al. (2006), Bates et al. (2000), Francis (2008a), Heaney et al. (2012), Heiker et al. (2018), Jiang Lichun etal. (2019), Kruskop & Vasenkov (2016), Liang Renji & Dong Yongwen (1985), Lin Liangkong et al. (2002a), Liu Sha et al. (2018), Miller et al. (2006), Salgueiro et al. (2007), Shi Hongyan, Liu Hao et al. (2008), Shi Hongyan, Wu Yi & Hu Jingchu (2003), Shi Hongyan, Wu Yi, Hu Jinchu & Li Yanhong (2001), Smith & Johnston (2008a), Smith & Xie Yan (2008), Tian Lanxiang, Lin Wei et al. (2010), Tian Lanxiang, Pan Yongxin et al. (2015), Wu Yi, Harada & Li Yanhong (2004), Yoshiyuki (1989), Zhang Weidao (1990).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Nyctalus plancyi	Nyctalus		plancyi	Gerbe	1880	0	Bull. Soc. Zool. France	0.2576	Chinese Noctule	<b> velutinus </b>G. M. Allen, 1923.	China, Peking.	E China, Taiwan.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Included in noctula by Corbet (1978 c ) and Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Tate (1942 a ), Yoshiyuki (1989), Zhang(1990), and L. K. Lin et al. (2002 b ). This name is sometimes misspelled plancei , but the correct spelling is plancyi after M. V. Collin Plancy.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Nyctalus plancyi	23	Chinese Noctule	Chinese Mountain Bat|Mountain Noctule|Villus Noctule	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	PIPISTRELLINI	Nyctalus	NA	plancyi	Gerbe	1880	1						Peking, China.			labiatus (Hodgson, 1835)|plancyi (Gerbe, 1880)|velutinus G. M. Allen, 1923	tentatively included labiatus, which likely represents a distinct species; if labiatus does end up representing a subspecies of N. plancyi, it would have nomenclatural priority over plancyi	NA	Pakistan|India|Nepal|China|Taiwan|Myanmar|Vietnam	Asia	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Nyctalus_plancyi	0	sciname match	Nyctalus_plancyi	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	136828	Nyctalus plancyi	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Nyctalus	plancyi	Gerbe, 1880	There are two subspecies Nyctalus placyi plancyi Gerbe, 1880 (occurring in Beijing, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Liaoning, and Jilin) and N. p. velutinus Allen, 1923 (occurring in Fujian, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Taiwan) (Smith and Xie 2008).	20000000	Nyctalus plancyi	Least Concern		2020	2018-09-01 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, occurrence in a number of protected areas.	This species has been recorded roosting in old temples and under roof tiles, and also include caves, buildings (roof, cellar), ruins, hollow trees, and rock crevices. Colonies of 20-50 individuals are common, maximum size of colonies is up to 3000. They usually went out for food when light intensity fell down to 600 lx or so (Shi et al. 2003). It forages in the nearby forest or farmland habitat as far as ca 30 km (Liu et al. 2018). In early-mid November, it begins hibernation (Liang and Dong 1985, Smith and Xie 2008). Ovulation for this species occurs at the end of March through the beginning of April, with delayed fertilization that often produces twins in late June (Smith and Xie 2008). Gestation time is 50-60 days (Smith and Xie 2008). During the nursing period, female formed maternity colonies in summer and raised infants without the help of males which had left out. Usually females bore 2 infants once, except a few only 1 (Shi et al. 2001). At the beginning of the 6th week, the infants first began learning to fly and hunt for food themselves (Shi et al. 2001). Young bats maturated at approximately of 3 and a half months of age, and would mate in the first Autumn (Shi et al. 2001, Shi et al. 2008).	There are no major threats to this species.	This species appears to be common over much of China (Jones, G. pers. comm.) and the global population is presumed relatively stable. But one ongoing survey on a small colony (ca. 600 individuals) roosting in old building of Xihua Normal University revealed a declining trend of population size since the occasional human disturbance (Shi, H. Y. pers. comm.).	Unknown	This species has a wide distribution in China, occurring in the provinces of Hong Kong, Taiwan, Beijing, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Gansu, Liaoning, Jilin, Fujian, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Sichuan (Smith and Xie 2008, Jiang et al. 2015). It is also found Northern Luzon, Philippines (Heaney et al. 2012). This species possible inhabit middle elevations close to Chinese and Lao borders (Krushop 2013).		Terrestrial	This species is present in Tiantangzhai, Wuyishan, Dinghushan (Guangdong), Shimenhupingshan, Taibaishan, Foping, Gaoligongshan (Yunnan), Qingliangfeng, Tianmushan, Wawushan, and Zhujiashan Nature Reserves (CSIS 2008). In China, this species has been regionally Red Listed as Least Concern (Wang and Xie 2004).	Indomalayan|Palearctic		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Nyctalus		plancyi	Gerbe	1880	0	Bull. Soc. Zool. France	0.257639	Chinese Noctule	<b> velutinus </b>G. M. Allen, 1923.	China, Peking.	E China, Taiwan.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Included in noctula by Corbet (1978 c ) and Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Tate (1942 a ), Yoshiyuki (1989), Zhang(1990), and L. K. Lin et al. (2002 b ). This name is sometimes misspelled plancei , but the correct spelling is plancyi after M. V. Collin Plancy.	Nyctalus plancyi	1005608	23	Chinese Noctule	Chinese Mountain Bat|Mountain Noctule|Villus Noctule	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	PIPISTRELLINI	Nyctalus	NA	plancyi	Gerbe	1880	1						Peking, China.			labiatus (Hodgson, 1835)|plancyi (Gerbe, 1880)|velutinus G. M. Allen, 1923	tentatively included labiatus, which likely represents a distinct species; if labiatus does end up representing a subspecies of N. plancyi, it would have nomenclatural priority over plancyi	NA				Pakistan|India|Nepal|China|Taiwan|Myanmar|Vietnam	Asia	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Nyctalus_plancyi	0	sciname match	Nyctalus_plancyi	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Nyctalus_plancyi	1005608	23	Chinese Noctule	Chinese Mountain Bat|Mountain Noctule|Villus Noctule	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Pipistrellini	Nyctalus	NA	plancyi	Z. Gerbe	1	Vesperugo (Noctula) Plancyi	Gerbe, Z. 1880. Note sur une espèce nouvelle de Vespertilionien de Chine. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 5:70-71.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35606310	BMNH:Mamm:1882.7.29.2	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/95071b6e-8b05-4bc1-bee1-04c43e608aac	Peking, China.			tentatively included labiatus, which likely represents a distinct species; if labiatus does end up representing a subspecies of N. plancyi, it would have nomenclatural priority over plancyi	NA				Pakistan|India|Nepal|China|Taiwan|Myanmar|Vietnam	Asia	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Nyctalus_plancyi	0	sciname match	Nyctalus_plancyi	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Nyctalus		plancyi	Gerbe	1880	1	Bull. Soc. Zool. France	0.257639	Chinese Noctule	velutinus G. M. Allen, 1923.	China, Peking.	E China, Taiwan.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136828/22044480/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Included in noctula by Corbet (1978c) and Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Tate (1942a), Yoshiyuki (1989), Zhang(1990), and L. K. Lin et al. (2002b). This name is sometimes misspelled plancei, but the correct spelling is plancyiafter M. V. Collin Plancy.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Nyctalus plancyi; Nyctalus plancyi; Nyctalus plancyi; Nyctalus plancyi; Nyctalus plancyi; Nyctalus plancyi; plancyi; velutinus; plancyi; labiatus; velutinus; velutinus; labiatus; plancyi; velutinus; Noctule de Chine; China-Abendsegler; Néctulode China; Chinese Mountain Bat; Mountain Noctule; Villus Noctule (velutinus); Chinese Noctule; Chinese Mountain Bat; Mountain Noctule; Villus Noctule; Chinese Noctule; Chinese Noctule; N. plancyi