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(1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1030	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Nyctalus lasiopterus	Nyctalus lasiopterus	Nyctalus lasiopterus	Nyctalus lasiopterus	Nyctalus lasiopterus	Nyctalus lasiopterus	Nyctalus lasiopterus	Nyctalus lasiopterus	Nyctalus lasiopterus	Nyctalus lasiopterus	Nyctalus lasiopterus	Nyctalus lasiopterus	Nyctalus lasiopterus	Nyctalus lasiopterus	Nyctalus lasiopterus		[MSW2] See Corbet (1978c:55-56) for content of this species.; [MSW3] Reviewed by Corbet (1978c).; [HMW] Vespertilio lasiopterus Schreber, 1780 , ?Pisa (uncertain), northern Italy . Nyctalus lasiopterus is sometimes considered to include N. aviator as a subspecies but it is here treated as distinct, based primarily on their incongruent distributions and morphological distinctions. The two together are sister to N. noctula , all three of which share the same diploid number. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c ).; [batnames2023] Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c ).; [batnames2025_1.7] Reviewed by Corbet (1978c).						ferrugineus, maxima, sicula.			ferrugineus, maxima, sicula			lasiopterus 	lasiopterus - ferrugineus, maxima, sicula	lasiopterus, ferrugineus, sicula, maxima		lasiopterus 	lasiopterus - ferrugineus, maxima, sicula	lasiopterus, ferrugineus, sicula, maxima	lasiopterus, ferrugineus, siculus, maximus	lasiopterus 	lasiopterus - ferrugineus, maxima, sicula	lasiopterus (von Schreber in E. A. W. von Zimmermann, 1780)|laseopterus (J. F. Gmelin, 1788) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|ferrugineus (Brehm, 1827)|siculus (Minà -Palumbo, 1868) [preoccupied]|maximus (Fatio, 1869)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Giant noctule	SW Europe – Iran	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Nyctalus lasiopterus	Northern Italy (uncertain).	Schreber	1780	In Zimmermann, Geogr. Gesch., 2:412.	Distribution: Ranging from extreme northern Africa and western Europe to Iran and Uzbekistan.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Giant noctule	SW Europe – Caucasus, Iran; N Africa	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Schreber	1780	In Zimmermann, Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere, 2:412.	See Corbet (1978c:55-56) for content of this species.	W Europe to Urals and Caucasus, Asia Minor, Iran and Ust-Urt Plateau (Kazakhstan); Morocco; Libya.	Northern Italy (uncertain).		SCHREBER	1780	Size relatively large (forearm length, 63-69 mm). Margin of plagiopatagium attached to metatarsus.	Distribution: Ranging from extreme northern Africa and western Europe to Iran and Uzbekistan.	No subspecies.		118	species	N. lasiopterus	SCHREBER	1780	Nyctalus	genus	Nyctalus lasiopterus				Size relatively large (forearm length, 63-69 mm). Margin of plagiopatagium attached to metatarsus.	No subspecies.		8. N. lasiopterus (SCHREBER 1780) [noctula group].	8	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Pipistrellini	Nyctalus lasiopterus	Nyctalus		lasiopterus	Schreber	y	1780		In Zimmermann, Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere	2		412		Giant Noctule	Northern Italy, ?Pisa (uncertain).	W Europe to Urals, Caucasus, and Balkans, Asia Minor, Iran and Ust-Urt Plateau (Kazakhstan), Morocco, Libya, possbily Algeria.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).	ferrugineus Brehm, 1827; maxima Fatio, 1869; sicula Mina-Palumbo, 1868.	Reviewed by Corbet (1978c).	4C3D87E8FFF36A4CFF4C918D1458B071	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	766	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FFF36A4CFF4C918D1458B071.xml	Nyctalus lasiopterus	Vespertilionidae	Nyctalus	lasiopterus		1780	Grande Noctule @fr | Riesenabendsegler @de | Noctulogrande @es | Giant Noctule @en | Greater Noctule Bat @en	Vespertilio lasiopterus Schreber, 1780 , ?Pisa (uncertain), northern Italy . Nyctalus lasiopterus is sometimes considered to include N. aviator as a subspecies but it is here treated as distinct, based primarily on their incongruent distributions and morphological distinctions. The two together are sister to N. noctula , all three of which share the same diploid number. Monotypic.	Scattered throughout S & E Europe from Iberian Peninsula to W Russia and extreme W Kazakhstan as well as Sicily, Cyprus , W & NE Turkey , the Caucasus, NW Iran , and N Africa, in N Morocco and NE Libya .	Head-body 84-104 mm, tail 48-74 mm, ear 18-26 mm, hindfoot 13-16 mm, forearm 59-70 mm; weight 33-74 g. The Greater Noctule is the largest species of the genus. Dorsal pelage is rufous brown (hairs unicolored), while ventral pelage is paler rufous brown and extends onto wings and interfemoral membrane, as in other noctules. Face, ears, and membranes are dark brown, and tail extends a few millimeters past uropatagium. Muzzle is short, with large glands between nostrils and eyes; ears are short and triangular, with 4-5 folds on outer edge; tragus is very short and rounded, mushroom-shaped, asis characteristic of the genus. Wings attach at ankle and calcar reaches halfwayto tail. Postcalcarial lobe is wide with a visible T-shaped piece of cartilage. Skull is large and robust and rostrum is broad; lambdoid crestis moderately developed and there is no sagittal crest. Dentition is massive; P' is small and level with cingulum of P*, being fully displaced lingually; C' and P* are in contact, covering P? lower molars are nyctalodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 42 and FNa = 50.	Recorded from a variety of forested habitats including mature temperate mixed and deciduous forests throughout Europe, intact Mediterranean forest of cork oak ( Quercus suber) and Algerian oak (Q. canariensis), both Fagaceae , in Morocco , and Mediterranean cypress ( Cupressus sempervirens) and juniper ( Juniperus ), both Cupressaceae , forests in Libya . Greater Noctules rely largely on mature and intact forests, as they forage high in the canopy. Although they prefer old-growth forests, they can be found in city parks with older trees in urban areas, at least in the Iberian Peninsula. Greater Noctules can be found at elevations of 0-1900 m.	Greater Noctules are primarily insectivorous and occasionally carnivorous. They are fast aerial hawkers that mainly forage high in the canopy, more than 50 m aboveground. In Spain, radar studies show that this species flies up to several hundred meters high, presumably to catch migratory birds. Flying insects make up a large portion of their diet, although some non-flying prey, such as Opiliones, have been recorded from fecal samples, which suggests that the bats must either glean occasionally or catch prey within their day roosts. Although Greater Noctules feed largely on insects, they have also been recorded feeding on nocturnally migrating small birds, e.g. European robins (Erithacus rubecula), Eurasian blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus). Nocturnally migrating small passerines can make up to 50% oftheir diet in some regions, in autumn and spring.	In Europe, the Greater Noctule shows restricted seasonal monoestry, with mating occurring in mid-summer and mid-autumn, before hibernation;this is evident as males develop scrotal testes from early August to October. Females give birth approximately from early May to early June; lactation occurs until early August. Litter size 1s 1-2 young; two young may be more prevalent, as in other noctule species, but no frequency data are available.	Greater Noctules roost in hollow trees and bat boxes during summer, occasionally also in buildings and dry leaves of tall palms ( Washingtonia filirifera, Arecaceae ). In winter, they primarily roost in hollow trees and rock crevices. They are nocturnal, coming out at dusk to forage. They will dive up to 3 m out of the roost to gain speed for flight. Greater Noctules probably hibernate through the winter in northern portions of the distribution, but further research is needed to confirm this. Searchphase call shape at higheraltitudes (more than 50 m aboveground) is a steep/shallow FM call, and only the fundamental harmonic is apparent; start frequency is 25-1 kHz; end frequency is 17-6 kHz; bandwidth is 7-5 kHz; peak frequency is 18-8 kHz; call duration is c¢.12-3 milliseconds; intercall interval is 319-7 milliseconds. At lower altitudes (less than 20 m aboveground), call shape is a steep FM/QCF call and the second harmonic is present. They occasionally use consecutive calls of alternating frequency as in the Common Noctule ( Nyctalus noctula ), but only at lower altitudes. Predators include common barn-owls (7yto alba), saker falcons ( Falco cherrug), and Beech Marten (Mantes foina).	Maternity colonies are created during summer with up to 80 females and young, but where males roost is uncertain, probably alone or in small groups. Social calls are high-intensity and each sequence consists of 25 calls with tonal structure, being slightly modulated with end frequencies of 9-15 kHz (this is audible to the human ear unlike most bat calls, sounding metallic). Greater Noctules exhibit a fission-fusion society, where there is a social ranking, but members spread themselves over several roosts every night. Their foraging range may be greater than 30 km from their day roost and is usually 15-40 km, but can reach up to 130 km in a single night. They may also migrate between seasons, although this has not been investigated.	Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The primary threat to the Greater Noctule seems to be the logging of mature woodland and loss or disturbance of roosts. Roost destruction can cause the death of many of the individuals living there. Wind turbines are also apparently major sources of mortality to these bats. Although the species has a wide distribution,it is rather patchy, being known from few records in many regions, especially North Africa. Population densities seem to be low throughout the range and populations seem to be generally decreasing as well. The Iberian Peninsula is probably a stronghold for this species, as is northern Hungary , where a large population is present. The species may be commoner throughout its range than is currently known,as it is very hard to survey because it forages high in the canopy. In southern Spain , the introduced rose-ringed parakeet ( Psittacula kramer) is also a threat to the species as it competes for roosting places. The Greater Noctule is protected over much of its distribution, although no conservation action plans have been put forward.	Alcalde et al. (2016) | Bec et al. (2008) | Benda, Faizolahi et al. (2012) | Benda, Hanaket al. (2007) | Dondini & Vergari (2000) | Esték & Gombkotd (2007) | Estdk & Siemers (2009) | Fortuna et al. (2009) | Hernédndez-Brito, Carrete, Ibanez et al. (2018) | Hernandez-Brito, Carrete, Popa-Lisseanu et al. (2014) | Hutterer et al. (2005) | Ibanez (2013) | Ibanez, Guillén-Servent, Agirre-Mendi et al. (2009) | Ibanez, Guillén-Servent & Bogdanowicz (2004) | Ibanez, Juste et al. (2001) | Kovat et al. (2011) | Kovalov et al. (2019) | Mikula etal. (2016) | Paksuz & Ozkan (2011) | Popa-Lisseanu et al. (2009) | Salgueiro et al. (2007) | Smirnov & Vekhnik (2013) | Uhrin et al. (2006) | Vernier & Vedovato (2008) | Vlaschenko, Gashchak et al. (2010) | Vlaschenko, Kravchenko et al. (2016) | Yigit et al. (2008)	https://zenodo.org/record/6397794/files/figure.png	14. Greater Noctule Nyctalus lasiopterus French: Grande Noctule / German: Riesenabendsegler / Spanish: Noctulo grande Other common names: Giant Noctule , Greater Noctule Bat Taxonomy. Vespertilio lasiopterus Schreber, 1780 , ?Pisa (uncertain), northern Italy . Nyctalus lasiopterus is sometimes considered to include N. aviator as a subspecies but it is here treated as distinct, based primarily on their incongruent distributions and morphological distinctions. The two together are sister to N. noctula , all three of which share the same diploid number. Monotypic. Distribution. Scattered throughout S & E Europe from Iberian Peninsula to W Russia and extreme W Kazakhstan as well as Sicily, Cyprus , W & NE Turkey , the Caucasus, NW Iran , and N Africa, in N Morocco and NE Libya . Descriptive notes. Head-body 84-104 mm, tail 48-74 mm, ear 18-26 mm, hindfoot 13-16 mm, forearm 59-70 mm; weight 33-74 g. The Greater Noctule is the largest species of the genus. Dorsal pelage is rufous brown (hairs unicolored), while ventral pelage is paler rufous brown and extends onto wings and interfemoral membrane, as in other noctules. Face, ears, and membranes are dark brown, and tail extends a few millimeters past uropatagium. Muzzle is short, with large glands between nostrils and eyes; ears are short and triangular, with 4-5 folds on outer edge; tragus is very short and rounded, mushroom-shaped, asis characteristic of the genus. Wings attach at ankle and calcar reaches halfwayto tail. Postcalcarial lobe is wide with a visible T-shaped piece of cartilage. Skull is large and robust and rostrum is broad; lambdoid crestis moderately developed and there is no sagittal crest. Dentition is massive; P' is small and level with cingulum of P*, being fully displaced lingually; C' and P* are in contact, covering P? lower molars are nyctalodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 42 and FNa = 50. Habitat. Recorded from a variety of forested habitats including mature temperate mixed and deciduous forests throughout Europe, intact Mediterranean forest of cork oak ( Quercus suber) and Algerian oak (Q. canariensis), both Fagaceae , in Morocco , and Mediterranean cypress ( Cupressus sempervirens) and juniper ( Juniperus ), both Cupressaceae , forests in Libya . Greater Noctules rely largely on mature and intact forests, as they forage high in the canopy. Although they prefer old-growth forests, they can be found in city parks with older trees in urban areas, at least in the Iberian Peninsula. Greater Noctules can be found at elevations of 0-1900 m. Food and Feeding. Greater Noctules are primarily insectivorous and occasionally carnivorous. They are fast aerial hawkers that mainly forage high in the canopy, more than 50 m aboveground. In Spain, radar studies show that this species flies up to several hundred meters high, presumably to catch migratory birds. Flying insects make up a large portion of their diet, although some non-flying prey, such as Opiliones, have been recorded from fecal samples, which suggests that the bats must either glean occasionally or catch prey within their day roosts. Although Greater Noctules feed largely on insects, they have also been recorded feeding on nocturnally migrating small birds, e.g. European robins (Erithacus rubecula), Eurasian blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus). Nocturnally migrating small passerines can make up to 50% oftheir diet in some regions, in autumn and spring. Breeding. In Europe, the Greater Noctule shows restricted seasonal monoestry, with mating occurring in mid-summer and mid-autumn, before hibernation;this is evident as males develop scrotal testes from early August to October. Females give birth approximately from early May to early June; lactation occurs until early August. Litter size 1s 1-2 young; two young may be more prevalent, as in other noctule species, but no frequency data are available. Activity patterns. Greater Noctules roost in hollow trees and bat boxes during summer, occasionally also in buildings and dry leaves of tall palms ( Washingtonia filirifera, Arecaceae ). In winter, they primarily roost in hollow trees and rock crevices. They are nocturnal, coming out at dusk to forage. They will dive up to 3 m out of the roost to gain speed for flight. Greater Noctules probably hibernate through the winter in northern portions of the distribution, but further research is needed to confirm this. Searchphase call shape at higheraltitudes (more than 50 m aboveground) is a steep/shallow FM call, and only the fundamental harmonic is apparent; start frequency is 25-1 kHz; end frequency is 17-6 kHz; bandwidth is 7-5 kHz; peak frequency is 18-8 kHz; call duration is c¢.12-3 milliseconds; intercall interval is 319-7 milliseconds. At lower altitudes (less than 20 m aboveground), call shape is a steep FM/QCF call and the second harmonic is present. They occasionally use consecutive calls of alternating frequency as in the Common Noctule ( Nyctalus noctula ), but only at lower altitudes. Predators include common barn-owls (7yto alba), saker falcons ( Falco cherrug), and Beech Marten (Mantes foina). Movements, Home range and Social organization. Maternity colonies are created during summer with up to 80 females and young, but where males roost is uncertain, probably alone or in small groups. Social calls are high-intensity and each sequence consists of 25 calls with tonal structure, being slightly modulated with end frequencies of 9-15 kHz (this is audible to the human ear unlike most bat calls, sounding metallic). Greater Noctules exhibit a fission-fusion society, where there is a social ranking, but members spread themselves over several roosts every night. Their foraging range may be greater than 30 km from their day roost and is usually 15-40 km, but can reach up to 130 km in a single night. They may also migrate between seasons, although this has not been investigated. Status and Conservation. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The primary threat to the Greater Noctule seems to be the logging of mature woodland and loss or disturbance of roosts. Roost destruction can cause the death of many of the individuals living there. Wind turbines are also apparently major sources of mortality to these bats. Although the species has a wide distribution,it is rather patchy, being known from few records in many regions, especially North Africa. Population densities seem to be low throughout the range and populations seem to be generally decreasing as well. The Iberian Peninsula is probably a stronghold for this species, as is northern Hungary , where a large population is present. The species may be commoner throughout its range than is currently known,as it is very hard to survey because it forages high in the canopy. In southern Spain , the introduced rose-ringed parakeet ( Psittacula kramer) is also a threat to the species as it competes for roosting places. The Greater Noctule is protected over much of its distribution, although no conservation action plans have been put forward. Bibliography. Alcalde et al. (2016), Bec et al. (2008), Benda, Faizolahi et al. (2012), Benda, Hanaket al. (2007), Dondini & Vergari (2000), Esték & Gombkotd (2007), Estdk & Siemers (2009), Fortuna et al. (2009), Hernédndez-Brito, Carrete, Ibanez et al. (2018), Hernandez-Brito, Carrete, Popa-Lisseanu et al. (2014), Hutterer et al. (2005), Ibanez (2013), Ibanez, Guillén-Servent, Agirre-Mendi et al. (2009), Ibanez, Guillén-Servent & Bogdanowicz (2004), Ibanez, Juste et al. (2001), Kovat et al. (2011), Kovalov et al. (2019), Mikula etal. (2016), Paksuz & Ozkan (2011), Popa-Lisseanu et al. (2009), Salgueiro et al. (2007), Smirnov & Vekhnik (2013), Uhrin et al. (2006), Vernier & Vedovato (2008), Vlaschenko, Gashchak et al. (2010), Vlaschenko, Kravchenko et al. (2016), Yigit et al. (2008).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Nyctalus lasiopterus	Nyctalus		lasiopterus	Schreber	1780	1	In Zimmermann, Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere	0.3694	Giant Noctule	 ferrugineus Brehm, 1827; maxima Fatio, 1869; sicula Mina-Palumbo, 1868.	Northern Italy, ?Pisa (uncertain).	W Europe to Urals, Caucasus, and Balkans, Asia Minor, Iran and Ust-Urt Plateau (Kazakhstan), Morocco, Libya, possbily Algeria.	Not listed.	Vulnerable	Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c ).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Nyctalus lasiopterus	23	Greater Noctule	Giant Noctule|Greater Noctule Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	PIPISTRELLINI	Nyctalus	NA	lasiopterus	von Schreber	1780	1						?Pisa (uncertain), northern Italy.			lasiopterus (von Schreber, 1780)|ferrugineus (Brehm, 1827)|sicula (Minà -Palumbo, 1868)|maxima (Fatio, 1869)	NA	NA	Morocco|Algeria?|Libya|Portugal|Spain|France|Germany?|Czech Republic?|Italy|Switzerland|Slovenia|Croatia|Greece|North Macedonia?|Moldova?|Turkey|Bulgaria|Romania|Albania|Hungary|Slovakia|Poland|Ukraine|Belarus|Cyprus|Russia|Georgia|Azerbaijan|Iran|Kazakhstan|Uzbekistan?|Turkmenistan?	Africa|Asia|Europe	Palearctic	VU	0	0	0	Nyctalus_lasiopterus	0	sciname match	Nyctalus_lasiopterus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	14918	Nyctalus lasiopterus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Nyctalus	lasiopterus	(Schreber, 1780)		20000000	Nyctalus lasiopterus	Vulnerable	A4c; C2a(i)	2016	2016-04-25 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	<p><span lang="EN-US">Deforestation, particularly the loss of old trees, is a problem in many parts of the range and is likely to be causing a population decline. The range is fragmented and the colonies tend to be mainly small. Dozens of individuals have been found dead at wind farms from Spain (C. Ibáñez, S. Sánchez and J.T. Alcalde pers. comm). A critical decline is suspected in Ukraine and European Russia (Vlaschenko et al . 2010 and 2016). Although there are no precise figures on population decline it seems reasonable to list this species as Vulnerable given what is currently known about the threats, the population numbers and the range. It qualifies as VU under criteria A4c and C2a(i).</p>	The Giant Noctule (Nyctalus lasiopterus ) forages over mixed and deciduous forest and wooded river valleys (the latter especially on migration). It is highly dependent on mature forest: the species needs a number (27-39) of old trees (Popa-Lisseanu et al . 2008) to support a colony, hence any tree removal is a threat. It is largely insectivorous, feeding mostly on Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, but is also reported to take many small passerines in the southern part of the range during migration. During the bird migration seasons, passerines are likely to form a major part of the diet. Faeces collected during these times are composed 90% of feathers (Smirnov and Vekhnik 2013) During these times, 70% of faeces collected contain feathers (Ibáñez et al . 2001). ;Tracking the species using radar in Spain it is now known that this bat flies up to several hundred metres presumably to catch migratory birds.  In summer it roosts in hollow trees and bat-boxes, and occasionally in buildings. Trees and rock crevices may also be used as hibernacula in winter. It sometimes uses similar habitats to the other species such as N. noctula . Nursery colonies are usually relatively small (up to 35 females). Females give birth to a single pup per litter. It is considered to be migratory in the north-east of its range, but there is very little data, although a high density of only males has been found in northern Croatia (M. Mazija pers. Comm. 2016). Vagrants have been recorded well outside the normal range (Hutterer et al . 2005). Some areas in the western part of the range appear to be occupied exclusively by males, while others have both sexes according to capture results (Ibáñez et al . 2009). Its foraging range may be greater than 30 km in is usually from 15 to 40 km, but can reach 130 km in a single night (Popa-Lisseanu et al . 2009).	Little is known about potential threats, but loss of mature woodland and loss of or disturbance to roost sites (old trees) have a negative impact on the species. In Cádiz (Southern Spain) it is estimated that a hundred Giant Noctules are killed each year by wind turbines (Ibáñez and Sánchez-Navarro, submitted), and more individuals have been found in other regions such as Soria and Navarra (Alcalde pers. comm. 2015). Exceptionally, all pups were found dead in 2005 at one of the two largest colonies in Spain (located in a city park). The cause of these deaths was not known (Juste pers. comm. 2006). One colony disappeared in Spain due to the cutting of old trees in a city park (Juste 2007), and the same seems to have happened in a Ukrainian forest (<span lang="EN-US">Vlaschenko et al . 2010).</span>	<p>The patchy distribution and low population density in most of its range suggest a relatively small global population. Breeding colonies are typically small (up to 35 females), and few are known. Only two larger-sized (50-100 females) breeding colonies are known in the world. It is rare throughout the range in the Russian Federation (K. Tsytsulina pers. comm.). There is a strong population in northern Hungary. The species is difficult to survey, and difficult to capture with mist nets as it hunts 10-20 m above the ground (K. Tsytsulina in litt. 2005) or even higher. Although the global population trend is unknown, a decline is suspected in Ukraine and Russia, and in Spain (stronghold of the species), mortality caused by wind farms could noticeably reduce the population.</p>	Decreasing	The Giant Noctule (Nyctalus lasiopterus ) has a very scattered distribution through central and southern Europe (Iberia to the Balkans, Urals) and north Africa (Morocco (only two records in northwest Morocco), Libya (five records in Cyrenaica), and possibly Algeria (possibly one record in Algeria identified as Nyctalus noctula by Loche 1867, the specimen is lost). There are an increasing number of records from Turkey (Karatas ;et al. 2007, YiÄŸit et al . 2008, Paksuz and Özkan 2011). ;Outside the Mediterranean region the range extends eastwards through Asia Minor to the Caucasus, northern Iran, Kazakhstan and the Urals in Russia. Of the Mediterranean islands, it has been recorded in Sicily ;and Cyprus (Benda et al . 2007). The species is easy to detect with bat detectors, so it is known that the species' distribution in Europe is genuinely extremely patchy. Until 1999, it had been recorded in 120-130 localities in Europe (Benzal 1999). It occurs up to 1,900 m asl in Switzerland. Recent new records of the Giant Noctule include northern Italian peninsula (Province of Venice, Vernier et al. 2008) and Croatian islands (Kornati archipelago, Kovač et al. 2011).</span>		Terrestrial	It is protected by national legislation in most range states. There are also international legal obligations for its protection through the Bonn Convention (Eurobats) and Bern Convention, in parts of its range where these apply. It is included in Annex IV of EU Habitats and Species Directive. No specific conservation actions are known. It occurs in a number of national parks and protected areas within its range (K. Tsytsulina pers. comm. 2005). However, in Spain the two known largest colonies are located in city parks, outside protected areas (Juste 2007). It seems that it has declined in Ukraine and European Russia <span lang="EN-US">(Vlaschenko et al . 2010 and 2016). More information is needed on population size and trends, ecology, migration patterns and routes and potential threats. ; .</span>	Palearctic		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Nyctalus		lasiopterus	Schreber	1780	1	In Zimmermann, Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere	0.369444	Giant Noctule	 ferrugineus Brehm, 1827; maxima Fatio, 1869; sicula Mina-Palumbo, 1868.	Northern Italy, ?Pisa (uncertain).	W Europe to Urals, Caucasus, and Balkans, Asia Minor, Iran and Ust-Urt Plateau (Kazakhstan), Morocco, Libya, possbily Algeria.	Not listed.	Vulnerable	Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c ).	Nyctalus lasiopterus	1005604	23	Greater Noctule	Giant Noctule|Greater Noctule Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	PIPISTRELLINI	Nyctalus	NA	lasiopterus	von Schreber	1780	1						?Pisa (uncertain), northern Italy.			lasiopterus (von Schreber, 1780)|ferrugineus (Brehm, 1827)|sicula (Minà -Palumbo, 1868)|maxima (Fatio, 1869)	NA	NA				Morocco|Algeria?|Libya|Portugal|Spain|France|Germany?|Czech Republic?|Italy|Switzerland|Slovenia|Croatia|Greece|North Macedonia?|Moldova?|Turkey|Bulgaria|Romania|Albania|Hungary|Slovakia|Poland|Ukraine|Belarus|Cyprus|Russia|Georgia|Azerbaijan|Iran|Kazakhstan|Uzbekistan?|Turkmenistan?	Africa|Asia|Europe	Palearctic	VU	0	0	0	Nyctalus_lasiopterus	0	sciname match	Nyctalus_lasiopterus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Nyctalus_lasiopterus	1005604	23	Greater Noctule	Giant Noctule|Greater Noctule Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Pipistrellini	Nyctalus	NA	lasiopterus	von Schreber in E. A. W. von Zimmermann	1	Vespertilio lasiopterus	Zimmermann, E.A.W. von. 1780. Geographische Geschichte des Menschen, und der vierfüßigen Thiere. Zweiter Band. Weygandsche Buchhandlung, Leipzig, 432 pp.	https://publikationsserver.tu-braunschweig.de/receive/dbbs_mods_00021827				?Pisa (uncertain), northern Italy.			NA	NA				Morocco|Algeria?|Libya|Portugal|Spain|France|Germany?|Czech Republic?|Italy|Switzerland|Slovenia|Croatia|Greece|North Macedonia?|Moldova?|Turkey|Bulgaria|Romania|Albania|Hungary|Slovakia|Poland|Ukraine|Belarus|Cyprus|Russia|Georgia|Azerbaijan|Iran|Kazakhstan|Uzbekistan?|Turkmenistan?	Africa|Asia|Europe	Palearctic	VU	0	0	0	Nyctalus_lasiopterus	0	sciname match	Nyctalus_lasiopterus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Nyctalus		lasiopterus	Schreber	1780	1	In Zimmermann, Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere	0.369444	Giant Noctule	ferrugineus Brehm, 1827; maxima Fatio, 1869; sicula Mina-Palumbo, 1868.	Northern Italy, ?Pisa (uncertain).	W Europe to Urals, Caucasus, and Balkans, Asia Minor, Iran and Ust-Urt Plateau (Kazakhstan), Morocco, Libya, possbily Algeria.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14918/22015318/' target='_blank'>Vulnerable</a>	Reviewed by Corbet (1978c).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Nyctalus lasiopterus; Nyctalus lasiopterus; Nyctalus lasiopterus; Nyctalus lasiopterus; Nyctalus lasiopterus; Nyctalus lasiopterus; ferrugineus; maxima; sicula; ferrugineus; maxima; sicula; lasiopterus; ferrugineus; sicula; maxima; Grande Noctule; Riesenabendsegler; Noctulogrande; Giant Noctule; Greater Noctule Bat; Greater Noctule; Giant Noctule; Greater Noctule Bat; Giant Noctule; Giant Noctule; N. lasiopterus