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(1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1029	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	Nyctalus noctula [synonym of]	N/A	Nyctalus noctula [synonym of]	Nyctalus noctula furvus	Nyctalus furvus	Nyctalus furvus	Nyctalus furvus	Nyctalus furvus	Nyctalus furvus	Nyctalus furvus	Nyctalus furvus	Nyctalus furvus	Nyctalus furvus	Nyctalus furvus		[MSW3] Included in noctula by Corbet (1978c) and Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Yoshiyuki (1989).; [HMW] Nyctalus furvus Imaizumi & Yoshiyuki, 1968 , Kado, 300 m , IwaizumiMachi, Shimohei-gun, Iwate Prefecture , Japan . The phylogenetic position of N. furvus is uncertain, but the species has a similar karyotype to N. leisleri , indicating that they may be closely related. However, based on morphology, N. furvus is most similar to N. noctula and N. plancyi , and the species has variously been included in either of these. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Included in noctula by Corbet (1978 c ) and Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Yoshiyuki (1989).; [batnames2023] Included in noctula by Corbet (1978 c ) and Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Yoshiyuki (1989).; [batnames2025_1.7] Included in noctula by Corbet (1978c) and Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Yoshiyuki (1989).														furvus				furvus	furvus			furvus Imaizumi & Yoshiyuki, 1968						N/A																																								NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Pipistrellini	Nyctalus furvus	Nyctalus		furvus	Imaizumi and Yoshiyuki		1968		Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo	11		127		Japanese Noctule	Japan, Iwate Pref., Shimohei-gun, Iwaizumi-Machi, Kado, 300 m.	N Honshû Isl (Japan).	IUCN 2003 – Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).		Included in noctula by Corbet (1978c) and Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Yoshiyuki (1989).	4C3D87E8FFFC6A43FA8D9075176FB7E0	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	765	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FFFC6A43FA8D9075176FB7E0.xml	Nyctalus furvus	Vespertilionidae	Nyctalus	furvus	Imaizumi & Yoshiyuki	1968	Noctule sombre @fr | Japan-Abendsegler @de | Noctulode Japon @es | Japanese Lesser Noctule @en	Nyctalus furvus Imaizumi & Yoshiyuki, 1968 , Kado, 300 m , IwaizumiMachi, Shimohei-gun, Iwate Prefecture , Japan . The phylogenetic position of N. furvus is uncertain, but the species has a similar karyotype to N. leisleri , indicating that they may be closely related. However, based on morphology, N. furvus is most similar to N. noctula and N. plancyi , and the species has variously been included in either of these. Monotypic.	Known from Aomori , Iwate , Fukushima , and Tochigi prefectures on Honshu I, Japan , as well as from a recently collected specimen from C & SW South Korea .	Head—body 69-9-84-2 mm, tail 42:2-54 mm, ear 14-6-18-5 mm, hindfoot 10-13 mm, forearm 48-4-52-7 mm; weight 19-46 g. Pelage of the Japanese Noctule is velvety and dark brown with a yellowish hue, being somewhat lighter on venter. Fur extends to elbows and knees ventrally on membranes. Face and cheeks are dusky, while ears and membranes are blackish. Ears are short and triangular, with 4-5 folds on outer edge; tragus is very short and rounded, mushroom-shaped, as is characteristic of genus. Tail extends a few millimeters beyond uropatagium and is relatively long at ¢.64% of head-body length. Calcaris keeled and uropatagium attaches to ankles. Muzzle is short, with large glands between nostrils and eyes. Skull is robust and lacks forehead curvature; lacrimal foramen is large and placed behind orbital rim; infraorbital foramen is large; basial pits are shallow; shaft of I is only slightly higher than cingulum of I?; lower molars are nyctalodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FN = 50-52.	Primary forests.	No information.	No information.	Like their congeners, Japanese Noctules are probably nocturnal and hibernate through the winter. Roosts occurin tree hollows, and a hibernating colony was found in a building.	No information.	Classified as Vulnerable on The [UCN Red List. The Japanese Noctule is rarely recorded and possibly threatened by deforestation and agricultural expansion.	Ando et al. (1977) | Harada, Uchida et al. (1982) | Imaizumi & Yoshiyuki (1968) | Jo Yeong-Seok et al. (2018) | Maeda & Sano (2008) | Ohdachi etal. (2009) | Yoon Myung-Hee (2009) | Yoshiyuki (1989)	https://zenodo.org/record/6397790/files/figure.png	12. Japanese Noctule Nyctalus furvus French: Noctule sombre / German: Japan-Abendsegler / Spanish: Noctulo de Japon Other common names: Japanese Lesser Noctule Taxonomy. Nyctalus furvus Imaizumi & Yoshiyuki, 1968 , Kado, 300 m , IwaizumiMachi, Shimohei-gun, Iwate Prefecture , Japan . The phylogenetic position of N. furvus is uncertain, but the species has a similar karyotype to N. leisleri , indicating that they may be closely related. However, based on morphology, N. furvus is most similar to N. noctula and N. plancyi , and the species has variously been included in either of these. Monotypic. Distribution. Known from Aomori , Iwate , Fukushima , and Tochigi prefectures on Honshu I, Japan , as well as from a recently collected specimen from C & SW South Korea . Descriptive notes. Head—body 69-9-84-2 mm, tail 42:2-54 mm, ear 14-6-18-5 mm, hindfoot 10-13 mm, forearm 48-4-52-7 mm; weight 19-46 g. Pelage of the Japanese Noctule is velvety and dark brown with a yellowish hue, being somewhat lighter on venter. Fur extends to elbows and knees ventrally on membranes. Face and cheeks are dusky, while ears and membranes are blackish. Ears are short and triangular, with 4-5 folds on outer edge; tragus is very short and rounded, mushroom-shaped, as is characteristic of genus. Tail extends a few millimeters beyond uropatagium and is relatively long at ¢.64% of head-body length. Calcaris keeled and uropatagium attaches to ankles. Muzzle is short, with large glands between nostrils and eyes. Skull is robust and lacks forehead curvature; lacrimal foramen is large and placed behind orbital rim; infraorbital foramen is large; basial pits are shallow; shaft of I is only slightly higher than cingulum of I?; lower molars are nyctalodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FN = 50-52. Habitat. Primary forests. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Like their congeners, Japanese Noctules are probably nocturnal and hibernate through the winter. Roosts occurin tree hollows, and a hibernating colony was found in a building. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Vulnerable on The [UCN Red List. The Japanese Noctule is rarely recorded and possibly threatened by deforestation and agricultural expansion. Bibliography. Ando et al. (1977), Harada, Uchida et al. (1982), Imaizumi & Yoshiyuki (1968), Jo Yeong-Seok et al. (2018), Maeda & Sano (2008), Ohdachi etal. (2009), Yoon Myung-Hee (2009), Yoshiyuki (1989).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Nyctalus furvus	Nyctalus		furvus	Imaizumi & Yoshiyuki	1968	0	Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo	0.5465	Japanese Noctule	None.	Japan, Iwate Pref., Shimohei-gun, Iwaizumi-Machi, Kado, 300 m.	N Honshû Isl (Japan).	Not listed.	Endangered	Included in noctula by Corbet (1978 c ) and Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Yoshiyuki (1989).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Nyctalus furvus	23	Japanese Noctule	Japanese Lesser Noctule	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	PIPISTRELLINI	Nyctalus	NA	furvus	Imaizumi & Yoshiyuki	1968	0	Nyctalus_furvus	Imaizumi, Y. & Yoshiyuki, M. (1968). A new species of insectivorous bat of the genus Nyctalus from Japan. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Ser. A, 11(2), 127.		NSMT-M11622		Kado, 300 m, Iwaizumi-Machi, Shimohei-gun, Iwate Prefecture, Japan.			furvus Imaizumi & Yoshiyuki, 1968	NA	NA	Japan|South Korea	Asia	Palearctic	EN	0	0	0	Nyctalus_furvus	0	sciname match	Nyctalus_furvus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	136765	Nyctalus furvus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Nyctalus	furvus	Imaizumi &; Yoshiyuki, 1968		200000000	Nyctalus furvus	Endangered	B2ab(ii,iii)	2020	2018-07-05 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	<span id="docs-internal-guid-862f873d-7fff-b198-4c1c-2c7d68de0d21"><p>Nyctalus furvus is assessed as Endangered under criterion B2ab(iii) because its area of occupancy (AOO) estimated to be 340-460 ;km², its population is severely fragmented, and there is ongoing decline in the extent and quality of its forest habitat due to deforestation and infrastructure development for expanding human settlements.</p>	Most of the 10 known localities were within natural forest. Although it is considered that this species roosts in tree hollows, the only roost found to date was a chimney which contained hibernating individuals.	<p>The major threat to the species is deforestation of deciduous old-growth forests in temperate regions, primarily for agriculture, conversion to conifer plantations, logging and infrastructure development for expanding human settlements. Collision with wind turbines is an emerging issue that should be carefully monitored.</p>	This is one of Japan’s rare species and the global population is suspected to be declining due to continuing forest habitat degradation and loss. Although there are no quantitative data on the population status of this species, expanded bat surveys over the last recent 20 years in Japan have only documented three (3) records while species previously considered “very rare” over 20 years ago have been readily documented.	Decreasing	<p>This species is endemic to Japan. There are fewer than 30 records of this species from the Hokkaido, Aomori, Iwate, Fukushima, Tochigi and Nagano Prefectures, Japan (Fukui 2015, Sato et al. 2019).</p>		Terrestrial	<p>Some individuals have been recorded from national parks and the species is listed as Endangered (EN) in the Japanese Red List (Ministry of the Environment 2014). The issue of wind development and bats is being reviewed by the conservation committee of the Japanese Mammalogical Society to explore future actions. Research is needed on the population, ecology, life history and threats to the species to inform sustainable conservation.</p>	Palearctic		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Nyctalus		furvus	Imaizumi & Yoshiyuki	1968	0	Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo	0.546528	Japanese Noctule	None.	Japan, Iwate Pref., Shimohei-gun, Iwaizumi-Machi, Kado, 300 m.	N Honshû Isl (Japan).	Not listed.	Endangered	Included in noctula by Corbet (1978 c ) and Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Yoshiyuki (1989).	Nyctalus furvus	1005603	23	Japanese Noctule	Japanese Lesser Noctule	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	PIPISTRELLINI	Nyctalus	NA	furvus	Imaizumi & Yoshiyuki	1968	0	Nyctalus_furvus	Imaizumi, Y. & Yoshiyuki, M. (1968). A new species of insectivorous bat of the genus Nyctalus from Japan. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Ser. A, 11(2), 127.		NSMT-M11622		Kado, 300 m, Iwaizumi-Machi, Shimohei-gun, Iwate Prefecture, Japan.			furvus Imaizumi & Yoshiyuki, 1968	NA	NA				Japan|South Korea	Asia	Palearctic	EN	0	0	0	Nyctalus_furvus	0	sciname match	Nyctalus_furvus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Nyctalus_furvus	1005603	23	Japanese Noctule	Japanese Lesser Noctule	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Pipistrellini	Nyctalus	NA	furvus	Imaizumi & Yoshiyuki	0	Nyctalus furvus	Imaizumi, Y. and Yoshiyuki, M. 1968-05-30. A new species of insectivorous bat of the genus _Nyctalus_ from Japan. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo (n.s.)11(2):127-134.		NSMT-M 11622	holotype		Kado, 300 m, Iwaizumi-Machi, Shimohei-gun, Iwate Prefecture, Japan.			NA	NA				Japan|South Korea	Asia	Palearctic	EN	0	0	0	Nyctalus_furvus	0	sciname match	Nyctalus_furvus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Nyctalus		furvus	Imaizumi & Yoshiyuki	1968	0	Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo	0.546528	Japanese Noctule	None.	Japan, Iwate Pref., Shimohei-gun, Iwaizumi-Machi, Kado, 300 m.	N Honshû Isl (Japan).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136765/209552009/' target='_blank'>Endangered</a>	Included in noctula by Corbet (1978c) and Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Yoshiyuki (1989).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Nyctalus furvus; Nyctalus furvus; Nyctalus furvus; Nyctalus furvus; Nyctalus furvus; Nyctalus furvus; furvus; Noctule sombre; Japan-Abendsegler; Noctulode Japon; Japanese Lesser Noctule; Japanese Noctule; Japanese Lesser Noctule; Japanese Noctule; Japanese Noctule; N. furvus