http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format	name_CH1_1980	name_MSW1_1982	name_CH3_1991	name_MSW2_1993	name_Koopman_1994	name_MSW3_2005	name_HMW_2019	name_BatNames_2022	name_MDD_2022	name_IUCN_2022	name_BatNames_2023	name_MDD_2023	name_MDD_2025_2.0	name_batnames_2025_1.7	name_MDD_2025_2.2	column151	taxonomic_notes_concatenated	column171	synonyms_CH1	subspecies__MSW2	synonyms__MSW1	synonyms_CH3	synonyms_MSW2	subspecies_Koopman94_interpreted	subspecies_MSW3_interpreted	synonym_MSW3_interpreted	subspecies_HMW_interpreted	synonym_HMW_interpreted	subspecies_batnames_interpreted	synonym_batnames_interpreted	synonym_MDD_interpreted	synonym_IUCN_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2025_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2025_interpreted	synonyms_batnames2025_interpreted	nominalNames	column391	docOrigin_CH1	commonName_CH1	distribution_CH1	docOrigin_MSW1	column451	typeLocality_MSW1	authority_MSW1	year_MSW1	citation_MSW1	distribution	comment_MSW1	docOrigin_CH3	commonName_CH3	distribution_CH3	docOrigin_MSW2	authority_MSW2	year_MSW2	citation_MSW2	comments_MSW2	distribution_MSW2	typeLocality_MSW2	docOrigin_Koopman94	authority_Koopman94	year_Koopman94	description_Koopman94	distribution_Koopman94	diversity_Koopman94	subspecies_Koopman94	page	rank	name	authority	year	parent	parent_rank	corrected_name	actual_species_count	claimed_species_count	dental_formula	description	diversity	full_subspecies_text	name_line	species_index	subspecies	synonym	text	docOrigin_MSW3	order_MSW3	family_MSW3	subfamily_MSW3	tribe_MSW3	name_MSW3	genus_MSW3	subgenus_MSW3	species_MSW3	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MSW3	(parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)_MSW3	authoritySpeciesYear_MSW3	actualDate_MSW3	citation_MSW3	volume_MSW3	issue_MSW3	pages_MSW3	type_species_MSW3	commonName_MSW3	typeLocality_MSW3	distribution_MSW3	status_MSW3	synonym_MSW3	comments_MSW3	docId_HMW	docOrigin_HMW	docISBN_HMW	docName_HMW	docMasterId_HMW	docPageNumber_HMW	derivedFrom_HMW	name_HMW	family_HMW	genus_HMW	species_HMW	authoritySpeciesAuthor_HMW	authoritySpeciesYear	commonNames_HMW	taxonomy_HMW	subspeciesAndDistribution_HMW	descriptiveNotes_HMW	habitat_HMW	foodAndFeeding_HMW	breeding_HMW	activityPatterns_HMW	movementsHomeRangeAndSocialOrganization_HMW	statusAndConservation_HMW	bibliography_HMW	distributionImageURL_HMW	verbatimText_HMW	docOrigin_batnames	family_batnames	name_batnames	genus_batnames	subgenus_batnames	species_batnames	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames	date_batnames	parentheses_batnames (1=author & date in parentheses)	citation_batnames	docPageNumber_batnames	common Name_batnames	synonyms_batnames	type_locality_batnames	Distribution_batnames	CITES_batnames	IUCN_batnames	comments_batnames	docOrigin_MDD	name_MDD	phylosort_MDD	mainCommonName_MDD	otherCommonNames_MDD	subclass_MDD	infraclass_MDD	magnorder_MDD	superorder_MDD	order_MDD	suborder_MDD	infraorder_MDD	parvorder_MDD	superfamily_MDD	family_MDD	subfamily_MDD	tribe_MDD	genus_MDD	subgenus_MDD	specificEpithet_MDD	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD	authorityParentheses_MDD	originalNameCombination_MDD	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD	holotypeVoucher_MDD	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD	typeLocality_MDD	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD	nominalNames_MDD	taxonomyNotes_MDD	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD	countryDistribution_MDD	continentDistribution_MDD	biogeographicRealm_MDD	iucnStatus_MDD	extinct_MDD	domestic_MDD	flagged_MDD	CMW_sciName_MDD	diffSinceCMW_MDD	MSW3_matchtype_MDD	MSW3_sciName_MDD	diffSinceMSW3_MDD	docOrigin_IUCN	internalTaxonId_IUCN	NAME_IUCN	kingdomName_IUCN	phylumName_IUCN	className_IUCN	orderName_IUCN	familyName_IUCN	genusName_IUCN	speciesName_IUCN	authoritySpeciesAuthorYear_IUCN	taxonomicNotes_IUCN	assessmentId_IUCN	scientificName_IUCN	redlistCategory_IUCN	redlistCriteria_IUCN	yearPublished_IUCN	assessmentDate_IUCN	criteriaVersion_IUCN	language_IUCN	rationale_IUCN	habitat_IUCN	threats_IUCN	population_IUCN	populationTrend_IUCN	range_IUCN	useTrade_IUCN	systems_IUCN	conservationActions_IUCN	realm_IUCN	yearLastSeen_IUCN	possiblyExtinct_IUCN	possiblyExtinctInTheWild_IUCN	scopes_IUCN	docOrigin_batnames2023	FAMILY_batnames2023	GENUS_batnames2023	SUBGENUS_batnames2023	SPECIES_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesYearbatnames2023	PARENTHESES_batnames2023 (1=AUTHOR & DATE IN PARENTHESES)	CITATION_batnames2023	PAGES_batnames2023	COMMON NAME_batnames2023	SYNONYMS_batnames2023	TYPE LOCALITY_batnames2023	DISTRIBUTION_batnames2023	CITES_batnames2023	IUCN_batnames2023	COMMENTS_batnames2023	name MDD2023	id_MDD2023	phylosort_MDD2023	mainCommonName_MDD2023	otherCommonNames_MDD2023	subclass_MDD2023	infraclass_MDD2023	magnorder_MDD2023	superorder_MDD2023	order_MDD2023	suborder_MDD2023	infraorder_MDD2023	parvorder_MDD2023	superfamily_MDD2023	Family_mdd2023	subfamily_MDD2023	tribe_MDD2023	genus_MDD2023	subgenus_MDD2023	specificEpithet_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD2023	authorityParentheses_MDD2023	originalNameCombination_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD2023	holotypeVoucher_MDD2023	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD2023	typeLocality_MDD2023	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD2023	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD2023	nominalNames_MDD2023	taxonomyNotes_MDD2023	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD2023	distributionNotes_MDD2023	distributionNotesCitation_MDD2023	subregionDistribution_MDD2023	countryDistribution_MDD2023	continentDistribution_MDD2023	biogeographicRealm_MDD2023	iucnStatus_MDD2023	extinct_MDD2023	domestic_MDD2023	flagged_MDD2023	CMW_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceCMW_MDD2023	MSW3_matchtype_MDD2023	MSW3_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceMSW3_MDD2023	docOrigin_MDD2025	sciName	id	phylosort	mainCommonName	otherCommonNames	subclass	infraclass	magnorder	superorder	order	suborder	infraorder	parvorder	superfamily	family	subfamily	tribe	genus	subgenus	specificEpithet	authoritySpeciesAuthor	authorityParentheses	originalNameCombination	authoritySpeciesCitation	authoritySpeciesLink	typeVoucher	typeKind	typeVoucherURIs	typeLocality	typeLocalityLatitude	typeLocalityLongitude	taxonomyNotes	taxonomyNotesCitation	distributionNotes	distributionNotesCitation	subregionDistribution	countryDistribution	continentDistribution	biogeographicRealm	iucnStatus	extinct	domestic	flagged	CMW_sciName	diffSinceCMW	MSW3_matchtype	MSW3_sciName	diffSinceMSW3	docOrigin_batnames2025	Family	Genus	Subgenus	Species	Author	Date	Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1025	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Notopteris macdonaldi	Notopteris macdonaldi	Notopteris macdonaldii	Notopteris macdonaldi	Notopteris macdonaldi	Notopteris macdonaldi	Notopteris macdonaldii	Notopteris macdonaldii	Notopteris macdonaldii	Notopteris macdonaldi	Notopteris macdonaldii	Notopteris macdonaldii	Notopteris macdonaldii	Notopteris macdonaldii	Notopteris macdonaldii		[MSW2] Includes neocaledonica; see Sanborn (1950:329, 330).; [MSW3] Apparently does not include neocaledonica, here considered a distinct species following Flannery (1995b).; [HMW] Notopteris macdonaldii J. E. Gray, 1859 , “The Island of Vit Levu, Feejeev |= Fiji ].” Most frequently spelled macdonald : but original spelling was macdonaldii . Notopteris seems to represent an isolated offshoot of derived pteropodids and is placed in a subfamily of its own. Notopteris neocaledonicus has been included under N. macdonaldui, but the two are considered distinct now based on size. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Apparently does not include neocaledonicus , here considered a distinct species following Flannery (1995 b ). Correct spelling of the species epithet is "macdonaldii" the original spelling; see Gray, 1859.; [batnames2023] Apparently does not include neocaledonicus , here considered a distinct species following Flannery (1995 b ). Correct spelling of the species epithet is "macdonaldii" the original spelling; see Gray, 1859.; [batnames2025_1.7] Apparently does not include neocaledonicus, here considered a distinct species following Flannery (1995b). Correct spelling of the species epithet is "macdonaldii" the original spelling; see Gray, 1859.				neocaledonica		neocaledonica.	macdonaldi, neocaledonica							macdonaldi				macdonaldi	macdonaldii, macdonaldi			macdonaldii J. E. Gray, 1859|macdonaldi O. Thomas, 1880 [incorrect subsequent spelling]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Long-tailed fruit bat	New Hebrides, New Caledonia, Fiji	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Notopteris macdonaldi	Fiji Isis., Viti Levu.	Gray	1859	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859:38.	Distribution: The same as for genus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Long-tailed fruit bat	Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji; ? Caroline Is	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Gray	1859	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859:38.	Includes neocaledonica; see Sanborn (1950:329, 330).	Vanuatu (= New Hebrides), New Caledonia, Fiji Isis, Caroline Isis.	Fiji Isis., Viti Levu.		GRAY	1859	Size relatively large (forearm length, 60-72 mm).	Distribution: The same as for genus.	Two subspecies:	N. m. macdonaldi (New Hebrides, Fijis, possibly Ponape), N. m. neocaledonica (New Caledonia).	39	species	N. macdonaldi	GRAY	1859	Notopteris	genus	Notopteris macdonaldi				Size relatively large (forearm length, 60-72 mm).	Two subspecies:		1. N. macdonaldi GRAY 1859.	1	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Notopteris macdonaldi	Notopteris		macdonaldi	Gray		1859		Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1859		38		Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bat	Fiji Isls, Viti Levu.	Vanuatu (= New Hebrides), Fiji Isls. A record from the Caroline Isls is probably incorrect (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) and IUCN 2003 – Vulnerable.		Apparently does not include neocaledonica, here considered a distinct species following Flannery (1995b).	03AD87FAFF87F669896235E4FE9FF352	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	125	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFF87F669896235E4FE9FF352.xml	Notopteris macdonaldii	Pteropodidae	Notopteris	macdonaldii	J. E. Gray	1859	Notoptére des Fidji @fr | Fidschi-Langschwanzflughund @de | Notéptero de Fiyi @es | Fijian Blossom Bat @en | Long-tailed Blossom Bat @en | Long-tailed Fruit Bat @en	Notopteris macdonaldii J. E. Gray, 1859 , “The Island of Vit Levu, Feejeev |= Fiji ].” Most frequently spelled macdonald : but original spelling was macdonaldii . Notopteris seems to represent an isolated offshoot of derived pteropodids and is placed in a subfamily of its own. Notopteris neocaledonicus has been included under N. macdonaldui, but the two are considered distinct now based on size. Monotypic.	Vanuatu Is (Santa Maria, Mota Lava, Efate, Erromango, Tanna, and Anatom) and Fiji Is (Vanua Levu, Taveuni, and Vit Levu).	Head-body 95-110 mm , tail 57-4-62- 4 mm , ear 14-5-16- 5 mm , hindfoot 22 mm (single individual), forearm 64- 7-69 mm ; weight 56-73 g . The Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bat has long rat-like tail disconnected from small uropatagium, very small tragus, wings that join over spine, and long tongue to collect nectar. Head is somewhat elongated and bare on most of long rostrum. Ears are relatively short but elongated, with narrowly pointed tips; eyes are large, with dark brownish irises. Dorsal pelage is light tan or grayish brown, with somewhat grizzled appearance, and darkest along head, neck, and shoulders. Lower back has only small light brown strip of fur along spine leading to tail and legs because wing membrane stretches onto lower back up to edge of spine giving a naked wrinkled appearance. Ventral pelage is paler than dorsum and is generally light brown. Wings are black, digits are pinkish brown, and index claw is absent. Tail is long, free from uropatagium, and brown, proportionately longer than any other pteropodid. Uropatagium is highly reduced but still present along inner legs, attaching near base of tail and at ankles. Skull is elongated, and infraorbital canal opens well forward on snout (as in most mammals) rather than immediately in front of eyes as in most other pteropodids. Dental formula for all species of Notopterisis11/1,C1/1,P2/2,M 2/3 (x2) =26.1',1, P!, and P, are missing; molars and premolars are reduced and elongated; and C, is long and well developed.	Mossy montane forests, lowland patchy secondary forests, and rural gardens, primarily in lowlands but commonly montane forests in Fiji , from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 1100 m . Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bats move between lowland and highland habitats on the Fiji Islands , depending on season, to follow flowering or fruiting of specific plants.	Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bats are nectarivorous, feeding primarily by lapping up nectar from flowers while hovering near them or (more commonly) landing close to flowers. They feed on Musa ( Musaceae ) and probably on nectar and pollen of various nut trees in gardens. They might eat fruit, but this is unconfirmed. Fecal samples from Fiji indicate that they regularly lap up moth scales and whole mites while foraging for nectar. This is because they share resources with some species of moths, such Syzygium ( Myrtaceae ) and Barringtonia ( Lecythidaceae ) on Vanua Levu. They obtain ample nutrients from nectar and pollen and do not need animal matter for protein.	Lactating and pregnant Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bats and young have been captured year-round.	Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bats are nocturnal. Day roosts are in large caves, often shared with other bats (e.g. Fijian Free-tailed Bats, Chaerephon bregullae).	Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bats roost in colonies of up to 2000 individuals.	Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bat is threatened by roost disturbance and hunting. In Fiji ,it is potentially vulnerable to roost disturbance from vandalism, guano mining, recreation, tourism, and quarrying and is hunted for consumption at one cave. Two of the five known caves occur in suburban areas of Suva, Vit Levu. It is rather tolerant of disturbance and regularly found foraging in secondary habitats and urban and rural gardens. Capture rates on Vanua Levu indicate thatit is the most abundantly captured species of pteropodid (67% of pteropodids captured). Local wildlife laws protectit, but exploitation still persists. Its roosting sites should be protected, and additional studies are needed to fully understand threats. It was found on ‘ Eua Island in the Tonga group based on subfossil remains, but it has been extirpated there.	Flannery (1995a) | Giannini & Simmons (2007a) | Ingleby & Colgan (2003) | Ingleby & Flannery (1991) | Koopman & Steadman (1995) | Nelson & Hamilton-Smith (1982) | Palmeirim (2008) | Palmeirim et al. (2007) | Scanlon (2009) | Scanlon & Petit (2016) | Scanlon, Petit & Bottroff (2014) | Scanlon, Petit & Sternberg (2013)		114. Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bat Notopteris macdonaldii French: Notoptére des Fidji / German: Fidschi-Langschwanzflughund / Spanish: Notéptero de Fiyi Other common names: Fijian Blossom Bat , Long-tailed Blossom Bat , Long-tailed Fruit Bat Taxonomy. Notopteris macdonaldii J. E. Gray, 1859 , “The Island of Vit Levu, Feejeev |= Fiji ].” Most frequently spelled macdonald : but original spelling was macdonaldii . Notopteris seems to represent an isolated offshoot of derived pteropodids and is placed in a subfamily of its own. Notopteris neocaledonicus has been included under N. macdonaldui, but the two are considered distinct now based on size. Monotypic. Distribution. Vanuatu Is (Santa Maria, Mota Lava, Efate, Erromango, Tanna, and Anatom) and Fiji Is (Vanua Levu, Taveuni, and Vit Levu). Descriptive notes. Head-body 95-110 mm , tail 57-4-62- 4 mm , ear 14-5-16- 5 mm , hindfoot 22 mm (single individual), forearm 64- 7-69 mm ; weight 56-73 g . The Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bat has long rat-like tail disconnected from small uropatagium, very small tragus, wings that join over spine, and long tongue to collect nectar. Head is somewhat elongated and bare on most of long rostrum. Ears are relatively short but elongated, with narrowly pointed tips; eyes are large, with dark brownish irises. Dorsal pelage is light tan or grayish brown, with somewhat grizzled appearance, and darkest along head, neck, and shoulders. Lower back has only small light brown strip of fur along spine leading to tail and legs because wing membrane stretches onto lower back up to edge of spine giving a naked wrinkled appearance. Ventral pelage is paler than dorsum and is generally light brown. Wings are black, digits are pinkish brown, and index claw is absent. Tail is long, free from uropatagium, and brown, proportionately longer than any other pteropodid. Uropatagium is highly reduced but still present along inner legs, attaching near base of tail and at ankles. Skull is elongated, and infraorbital canal opens well forward on snout (as in most mammals) rather than immediately in front of eyes as in most other pteropodids. Dental formula for all species of Notopterisis11/1,C1/1,P2/2,M 2/3 (x2) =26.1',1, P!, and P, are missing; molars and premolars are reduced and elongated; and C, is long and well developed. Habitat. Mossy montane forests, lowland patchy secondary forests, and rural gardens, primarily in lowlands but commonly montane forests in Fiji , from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 1100 m . Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bats move between lowland and highland habitats on the Fiji Islands , depending on season, to follow flowering or fruiting of specific plants. Food and Feeding. Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bats are nectarivorous, feeding primarily by lapping up nectar from flowers while hovering near them or (more commonly) landing close to flowers. They feed on Musa ( Musaceae ) and probably on nectar and pollen of various nut trees in gardens. They might eat fruit, but this is unconfirmed. Fecal samples from Fiji indicate that they regularly lap up moth scales and whole mites while foraging for nectar. This is because they share resources with some species of moths, such Syzygium ( Myrtaceae ) and Barringtonia ( Lecythidaceae ) on Vanua Levu. They obtain ample nutrients from nectar and pollen and do not need animal matter for protein. Breeding. Lactating and pregnant Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bats and young have been captured year-round. Activity patterns. Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bats are nocturnal. Day roosts are in large caves, often shared with other bats (e.g. Fijian Free-tailed Bats, Chaerephon bregullae). Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bats roost in colonies of up to 2000 individuals. Status and Conservation. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bat is threatened by roost disturbance and hunting. In Fiji ,it is potentially vulnerable to roost disturbance from vandalism, guano mining, recreation, tourism, and quarrying and is hunted for consumption at one cave. Two of the five known caves occur in suburban areas of Suva, Vit Levu. It is rather tolerant of disturbance and regularly found foraging in secondary habitats and urban and rural gardens. Capture rates on Vanua Levu indicate thatit is the most abundantly captured species of pteropodid (67% of pteropodids captured). Local wildlife laws protectit, but exploitation still persists. Its roosting sites should be protected, and additional studies are needed to fully understand threats. It was found on ‘ Eua Island in the Tonga group based on subfossil remains, but it has been extirpated there. Bibliography. Flannery (1995a), Giannini & Simmons (2007a), Ingleby & Colgan (2003), Ingleby & Flannery (1991), Koopman & Steadman (1995), Nelson & Hamilton-Smith (1982), Palmeirim (2008), Palmeirim et al. (2007), Scanlon (2009), Scanlon & Petit (2016), Scanlon, Petit & Bottroff (2014), Scanlon, Petit & Sternberg (2013).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Notopteris macdonaldii	Notopteris		macdonaldii	Gray	1859	0	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	######	Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bat	None.	Fiji Isls, Viti Levu.	Vanuatu (= New Hebrides), Fiji Isls. A record from the Caroline Isls is probably incorrect (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	Not listed.	Vulnerable	Apparently does not include neocaledonicus , here considered a distinct species following Flannery (1995 b ). Correct spelling of the species epithet is "macdonaldii" the original spelling; see Gray, 1859.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Notopteris macdonaldii	23	Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bat	Fijian Blossom Bat|Long-tailed Blossom Bat|Long-tailed Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	NOTOPTERISINAE	NA	Notopteris	NA	macdonaldii	J. E. Gray	1859	0						"The Island of Viti Levu, Feejees [= Fiji]."			macdonaldi J. E. Gray, 1859	NA	NA	Vanuatu|Fiji	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	VU	0	0	0	Notopteris_macdonaldii	0	sciname match	Notopteris_macdonaldi	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	14876	Notopteris macdonaldi	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Notopteris	macdonaldi	Gray, 1859		20000000	Notopteris macdonaldi	Vulnerable	C1	2019	2018-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Vulnerable because its global population is estimated at between 8,000 to 10,000 mature bats and its population is projected to continue declining by 10% over the next three generations (12.9 years; Generation Length = 4.3 year, Pacifici et al. 2013) due to continuing threats from hunting, forest loss, urbanization, and cave disturbance.	This bat is an obligate cave dweller of Fiji Islands and Vanuatu, it roosts in colonies of a few hundred to a few thousand individuals. The only other member of the genus is the smaller bat N. neocaledonica from New Caledonia. Unlike all other bats in the Pteropodidae family, bats in the Notopteris genus have long tails extending past the wing membrane (i.e. free-tailed). In Fiji N. macdonaldi is recorded from the three largest islands, Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, and Taveuni, but its cave sites are seemingly restricted to Viti Levu (Flannery 1995, Palmeirim et al. 2005, Palmeirim et al. 2007, Scanlon 2009, Scanlon et al. 2014a). Considered abundant in 1978 (Pernetta and Watling 1978), they occupy a broad range of habitats in Fiji, including lowland forest, intermediate altitude vegetation, and mossy montane forest, as well as patchy secondary forest and rural gardens (Pernetta and Watling 1978, Mickleburgh et al. 1992, Flannery 1995, Palmeirim et al. 2005, Scanlon et al. 2014a). Recapture data show that individuals make habitual nightly movements and are faithful to particular forest areas (Scanlon and Petit, 2015). They often forage together in pairs or small groups, comprising an adult with younger animals, they reproduce year round (Scanlon et al. 2014a, Scanlon and Petit 2015). Their diet comprises pollen and nectar, and they are probably important pollinators of forest plants (Scanlon et al. 2014b). Being small (adult mass: 50–90 g) and manoeuvrable, they readily navigate through cluttered understory forest to access floral resources. Little information is available on their habitat or ecology on Vanuatu.	It is not known to be exploited in Vanuatu, and the threats there are poorly known. However, this species is vulnerable to direct exploitation and potential disturbance at roosting sites by vandalism, guano mining, recreation, and quarrying (Mickleburgh et al. 1992). Large numbers of bats are taken from at least one cave in Fiji with shotguns for consumption (Palmeirim et al. 2005). Tourism is a potential threat to nursery colonies in at least two of the four known maternity caves of Fiji (Palmeirim et al. 2005). A quarry has now been established in the immediate vicinity of one cave (Wailotua) and blasting of rocks there likely threatens the adjacent cave and bats (Scanlon 2009). Two of the four caves also occur in highly urbanised areas near the capital city of Suva, increasing levels of pollution, invasive species and disturbance there threatens the bats and their cave habitats.	This bat is projected to be declining across its range. Fiji likely holds more than half of the global total and is present on the three main Fijian islands (Flannery 1995, Palmeirim et al. 2007, Scanlon et al. 2014a). However, the only known breeding caves (four in total) are all on Viti Levu, which has a favourable geology with some limestone caves. Individuals on Vanua Levu and Taveuni may migrate to the nurseries on Viti Levu, which is within their range of movement. Bats netted shortly after dusk on Vanua Levu indicate that cave roosts may also occur there (Scanlon et al. 2014a). The caves on Viti Levu hold 200‒2,000 individuals each (Palmeirim et al. 2007, Scanlon 2009). There is no information about the population status of the species in Vanuatu.	Decreasing	This species is restricted to Fiji and Vanuatu. In Fiji, it is recorded from Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, and Taveuni islands, and in Vanuatu from the islands of Anatom, Efate, Erromango, Mota Lava, Santa Maria, and Tanna (Flannery 1995, Scanlon et al. 2014a). Recorded as a lowland species in Vanuatu (Medway and Marshall 1975), it has been recorded in a wide variety of habitats from near sea level to 1,100 m asl in Fiji (Flannery 1995, Scanlon and Petit 2015). The species occurred in Tonga, but was extirpated following the arrival of Polynesians (Koopman and Steadman 1995).	This species is hunted for consumption in parts of its range.	Terrestrial	Notopteris macdonaldi is protected by local wildlife laws. Further field surveys are needed to better understand the distribution, biology, and ecology of this species. Major roosting sites of this species should be protected. Studies into the impact of hunting on populations of this species are needed (Mickleburgh et al. 1992).	Australasian|Oceanian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Notopteris		macdonaldii	Gray	1859	0	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	########	Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bat	None.	Fiji Isls, Viti Levu.	Vanuatu (= New Hebrides), Fiji Isls. A record from the Caroline Isls is probably incorrect (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	Not listed.	Vulnerable	Apparently does not include neocaledonicus , here considered a distinct species following Flannery (1995 b ). Correct spelling of the species epithet is "macdonaldii" the original spelling; see Gray, 1859.	Notopteris macdonaldii	1004412	23	Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bat	Fijian Blossom Bat|Long-tailed Blossom Bat|Long-tailed Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	NOTOPTERISINAE	NA	Notopteris	NA	macdonaldii	J. E. Gray	1859	0						"The Island of Viti Levu, Feejees [= Fiji]."			macdonaldi J. E. Gray, 1859	NA	NA				Vanuatu|Fiji	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	VU	0	0	0	Notopteris_macdonaldii	0	sciname match	Notopteris_macdonaldi	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Notopteris_macdonaldii	1004412	23	Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bat	Fijian Blossom Bat|Long-tailed Blossom Bat|Long-tailed Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Notopterisinae	NA	Notopteris	NA	macdonaldii	J. E. Gray	0	Notopteris macdonaldii	Gray, J.E. 1859-06. Notice of _Notopteris_, a new genus of pteropine bat from the Feejee Islands. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1859(1):36-38.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44707249	BMNH:Mamm:1858.12.27.5, BMNH:Mamm:1858.12.27.6	syntypes	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/4575ca7e-ab0a-4887-bdd5-68453a253c6e | https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/f0f5a4eb-1165-4ead-8bfe-83025158fddd	"The Island of Viti Levu, Feejees [= Fiji]."			NA	NA				Vanuatu|Fiji	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia|Oceania (Biorealm)	VU	0	0	0	Notopteris_macdonaldii	0	sciname match	Notopteris_macdonaldi	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Notopteris		macdonaldii	Gray	1859	0	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	########	Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bat	None.	Fiji Isls, Viti Levu.	Vanuatu (= New Hebrides), Fiji Isls. A record from the Caroline Isls is probably incorrect (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14876/22023433/' target='_blank'>Vulnerable</a>	Apparently does not include neocaledonicus, here considered a distinct species following Flannery (1995b). Correct spelling of the species epithet is "macdonaldii" the original spelling; see Gray, 1859.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Notopteris macdonaldi; Notopteris macdonaldii; Notopteris macdonaldii; Notopteris macdonaldii; Notopteris macdonaldi; Notopteris macdonaldii; macdonaldi; Notoptére des Fidji; Fidschi-Langschwanzflughund; Notéptero de Fiyi; Fijian Blossom Bat; Long-tailed Blossom Bat; Long-tailed Fruit Bat; Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bat; Fijian Blossom Bat; Long-tailed Blossom Bat; Long-tailed Fruit Bat; Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bat; Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bat; N. macdonaldii