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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1024	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Noctilio leporinus	Noctilio leporinus	Noctilio leporinus	Noctilio leporinus	Noctilio leporinus	Noctilio leporinus	Noctilio leporinus	Noctilio leporinus	Noctilio leporinus	Noctilio leporinus	Noctilio leporinus	Noctilio leporinus	Noctilio leporinus	Noctilio leporinus	Noctilio leporinus		[MSW2] Subgenus Dirias. See Hood and Jones (1984, Mammalian Species, 216).; [MSW3] Subgenus Noctilio. See Hood and Jones (1984). Antillean form reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003); [HMW] of N. leporinus has been stable for a long time, and in 1973, it was clarified that its taxonomy is quite simple. Morerecent work based on DNA sequencing of mitochondrial (control region) and nuclear (RAG2) genetic material yielded a relatively homogeneous phylogenetic landscape with low genetic diversity that seemedto indicate that the northern subspecies was valid. In South America, N. leporinus might be represented by only one other subspecies, but additional research is needed. Three subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Subgenus Noctilio. See Hood and Jones (1984). Antillean form reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).; [IUCN] This species is in the subgenus Noctilio . See Hood and Jones (1984). The Antillean form was reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003); [batnames2023] Subgenus Noctilio. See Hood and Jones (1984). Antillean form reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).; [batnames2025_1.7] Subgenus Noctilio. See Hood and Jones (1984). Antillean form reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003). Appears to be monophyletic; see Lewis-Oritt et al. (2001), Khan et al. (2013), Pavan et al. (2013), and Ospina-Garcés and León-Paniagua (2022).		(Fisherman bat)				americanus, brooksiana, dorsatus; labialis Kerr; mastivus, mexicanus, minor, rufipes, rufescens, rufus, unicolor, vittatus.	mastivus, leporinus, rufescens	leporinus, mastivus, rufescens	americanus, brooksiana, dorsatus, labialis, longipes, macropus, minor, rufus, unicolor, vittatus; mastivus - mexicanus; rufescens - rufipes	leporinus, mastivus, rufescens		leporinus, mastivus, rufescens	leporinus - americanus, brooksiana, dorsatus, labialis, longipes, macropus, minor, rufus, unicolor, vittatus; mastivus - mexicanus; rufescens - rufipes	leporinus, minor, americanus, labialis, mastivus, novemboracensis, rufescens, dorsatus, rufescens, unicolor, brooksiana, vittatus, rufus, rufipes, intermedius, longipes , macropus, mexicanus	This species is in the subgenus Noctilio . See Hood and Jones (1984). The Antillean form was reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003)	leporinus, mastivus, rufescens	leporinus - americanus, brooksiana, dorsatus, labialis, longipes, macropus, minor, rufus, unicolor, vittatus; mastivus - mexicanus; rufescens - rufipes	leporinus, minor, americanus, labialis, mastivus, novemboracensis, rufescens, dorsatus, rufescens, unicolor, brooksiana, vittatus, rufus, rufipes, intermedius, longipes, macropus, mexicanus	leporinus, minor, americanus, labialis, mastivus, noveboracensis, cephalotes, rufescens, dorsatus, rufescens, unicolor, brooksianus, vittatus, rufus, brookesiana, rufipes, intermedius, longipes, macropus, mexicanus, novemboracensis	leporinus, mastivus, rufescens	leporinus - americanus, brooksiana, dorsatus, labialis, longipes, macropus, minor, rufus, unicolor, vittatus; mastivus - mexicanus; rufescens - rufipes	leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758)|minor (P. Fermin, 1765) [inconsistently binominal]|americanus Linnaeus, 1766 [nomen novum]|labialis (Kerr, 1792)|mastivus (Vahl, 1797)|noveboracensis de Lacépède, 1799|cephalotes Daudin, 1802 [nomen nudum]|rufescens Illiger, 1815 [nomen nudum]|dorsatus A. G. Desmarest, 1818|rufescens I. von Olfers, 1818|unicolor A. G. Desmarest, 1818 [nomen novum]|brooksianus (Leach, 1821)|vittatus H. R. Schinz, 1821|rufus von Spix, 1823|brookesiana (Burnett, 1829) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|rufipes d'Orbigny, 1837|intermedius von Pelzeln, 1883 [nomen nudum]|longipes von Pelzeln, 1883 [nomen nudum]|macropus von Pelzeln, 1883 [nomen nudum]|mexicanus E. A. Goldman, 1915|novemboracensis A. L. Gardner, 2008 [incorrect subsequent spelling]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Mexican bulldog bat	W, S Mexico – N Argentina, Antilles, Trinidad	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Noctilio leporinus	Surinam.	Linnaeus	1758	Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:32.	Distribution: Same as for subgenus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Greater bulldog bat (Fisherman bat) (Noctilio leporinus)	SW, S Mexico – N Fisherman bat Argentina, Antilles, Trinidad, S Bahamas	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Linnaeus	1758	Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:32.	Subgenus Dirias. See Hood and Jones (1984, Mammalian Species, 216).	Sinaloa (Mexico) to Guianas, S Brazil, N Argentina, and Peru; Trinidad; Greater and Lesser Antilles; S Bahamas.	Surinam.		LINNAEUS	1758	Size relatively large (forearm length, 73-92 mm).	Distribution: Same as for subgenus.	Three subspecies:	N. l. mastivus (Sinaloa, Veracruz, and extreme southern Bahamas south to western Ecuador and Venezuela), N. l. leporinus (Guianas and eastern Ecuador to eastern Brazil), N. l. rufescens (Bolivia and southern Brazil to northern Ar gentina).	70	species	N. leporinus	LINNAEUS	1758	Noctitio	subgenus	Noctilio leporinus				Size relatively large (forearm length, 73-92 mm).	Three subspecies:		2. N. leporinus (LINNAEUS 1758).	2	_N. l. leporinus_ (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonyms: _americanus_ Linnaeus, 1766, _brooksianus_ (Leach, 1821), _cephalotes_ Daudin, 1802, _dorsatus_ Desmarest, 1818, _intermedius_ Pelzeln, 1883, _labialis_ (Kerr, 1792), _longipes_ Pelzeln, 1883, _macropus_ Pelzeln, 1883, _minor_ (Fermin, 1765), _noveboracensis_ Lacépède, 1799, _rufus_ Spix, 1823, _unicolor_ Desmarest, 1818, _vittatus_ Schinz, 1821); _N. l. mastivus_ (Vahl, 1797) (synonyms: _mexicanus_ Goldman, 1915); _N. l. rufescens_ Olfers, 1818 (synonyms: _rufipes_ d'Orbigny, 1837)			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Noctilionidae			Noctilio leporinus	Noctilio	Noctilio	leporinus	Linnaeus	y	1758		Syst. Nat., 10th ed.	1		32		Greater Bulldog Bat	Surinam (restricted by Thomas, 1911a).	Sinaloa (Mexico) to the Guianas, S Brazil, N Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Peru; Trinidad; Greater and Lesser Antilles; S Bahamas.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	americanus Linnaeus, 1766; brooksiana Leach, 1821; dorsatus Desmarest, 1818; labialis Kerr, 1792; longipes Pelzeln, 1883; macropus Pelzeln, 1883; minor Fermin, 1765; rufus Spix, 1823; unicolor Desmarest, 1818; vittatus Schinz, 1821; mastivus Vahl, 1797; mexicanus Goldman 1915; rufescens Pelzeln, 1883; rufipes D’Orbigny, 1835.	Subgenus Noctilio. See Hood and Jones (1984). Antillean form reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003)	03DABE4AFFE2FFA357ED4EBEFEECC37C	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Noctilionidae_404.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ffe3c632ffe0ffa057444405ffa9c95b	410	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/DA/BE/03DABE4AFFE2FFA357ED4EBEFEECC37C.xml	Noctilio leporinus	Noctilionidae	Noctilio	leporinus	Linnaeus	1758	Grand Noctilion @fr | Grofes Hasenmaul @de | Noctilio grande @es | Fisherman Bat @en	of N. leporinus has been stable for a long time, and in 1973, it was clarified that its taxonomy is quite simple. Morerecent work based on DNA sequencing of mitochondrial (control region) and nuclear (RAG2) genetic material yielded a relatively homogeneous phylogenetic landscape with low genetic diversity that seemedto indicate that the northern subspecies was valid. In South America, N. leporinus might be represented by only one other subspecies, but additional research is needed. Three subspecies recognized.	N.l.leporinusLinnaeus,1758—theGuianas,AmazonBasin,andmostofBrazil. N.l.mastivusVahl,1797—W&SMexico,CentralAmerica,WestIndies,N,W&EColombia,Venezuela,WEcuador,andextremeNWPeru. N. l. rufescens Olfers, 1818 — E Bolivia , Paraguay , N Argentina , and S Brazil .	Head—body 82-100 mm, tail 23-28 mm, ear 28-30 mm, hindfoot 25-34 mm, forearm 81-87 mm; weight 50-90 g. The Greater Bulldog Batis relatively large compared with other bats that coexist with it. Furis extremelyshort, almost velvety, andstiff. Colorvaries from light brown usually in females to rich reddish brown or even bright yellow in males. Thereis a pale, almost white thin line along dorsum from nape to rump. Venteris paler. Hindclaws are extremely elongated, sharp, recurved, and used to grabfish when feet are dipped into water. Interfemoral membraneis very wide androbust. Faceis verydistinctive, with naked cheeks and snout andslit upper lip. Ears are separate, narrow, and slightly elongated.	Dry and humid tropical forests, small coastal lagoons, mangroves, and other tropical vegetation types, with large trees and standing or slow-flowing waterin wide lakes, slow-flowing rivers, or estuaries from sea level to elevations of ¢. 500 m . The Greater Bulldog Bat roosts in hollowtrees, although some have been reportedin caves and rock crevices and occasionally human structures such as bridges.	Greater Bulldog Bats are adaptedto feed on fish that they capture directly from the watersurface. Fresh andsaltwaterfish dominate diets, but insects are also eaten, sometimes copiously. In adequate conditions, it is quite a spectacle to watch small groups of Greater Bulldog Bats raking the water surface with their claws over and over. One study showed that as much as 80% of the diet can be insects. Other prey included shrimp, crabs, and scorpions. Greater Bulldog Bats have large cheek pouches that they use to store partially chewed prey; they forage until cheek pouches are full and then finely chew and swallow prey items. When foraging over water, they use three forms offishing: high search flight, low search flight, and random rake. In high search flight, they emit long (13-3-17 milliseconds) pulses and fly 20-50 cm above the water surface, point-dipping their hindclaws when a food item is detected. In low search flight, they emit shorter pulses (c.5:6 milliseconds) and fly only 2-4 cm above the water and also point-dip their hindclaws when prey is detected. During random rake, they echolocate as during high search flight but dip their hindclaws in the water for up to 10 m . Random rake is mostly used in the presence of copious jumping fish, and they can catch a fish every 50-200 passes.	Female Greater Bulldog Bats have a single embryo per pregnancy. One to two seasonal peaks in births occur, depending on the area. Often the first birth peak coincides with the onset of the rainy season, varying geographically from April to June, and the second peak, usually smaller than the first, occurs toward the end of the rainy season. Nevertheless, pregnant and lactating females and males with scrotal testes have been reported in every month of the year, but individual females have a single pregnancy per year. Although data are limited, gestation seemsto last c.5 months. Testes of males grow and produce sperm seasonally. Males have two ancillary skin sacks in the genital area that might have hormonal or glandular function.	Greater Bulldog Bats are nocturnal, generally leaving the roost within two hours after sunset. In Puerto Rico between November and January, they left the roost within an hour after sunset, but in August, they left an hour later with no apparent reason for the change. Most activity occurs before midnight. On cold nights with temperatures below 12°C, they did not leave the roost. Groups of bats seem to leave the roost together but do not return together. When female members of the same group left the roost, they lingered in its vicinity until other members of the group exited the roost, and then they all flew together toward foraging areas, within 5 m of each other.	Despite their large size and relatively open foraging habitat, few studies have been conducted to follow movements of Greater Bulldog Bats. They have relatively small home ranges, and flying distances to forage are less than 1 km from the roost. Foraging females belonging to the same group had overlapping home ranges, with radio-locations indistinguishable from one another, and females returned to the same foraging area night after night, even in different years. Males forage separately from females. A study in Puerto Rico showed that colonies are usually formed by groups of 3-10 females and a single male, plus additional groups of 1-3 bachelor males, but this structure can be repeated more than once in a roost. Social groups are very cohesive, and when a group of females moves to a different roost, they do it together and also with the resident male of the harem. These groups remain as stable units for at least two years. Females and males within a group mark themselves periodically with secretions from subaxial glands. Females rub their heads under wings of other females; males mark themselves the same way. Females also rub their chins or heads against heads of other females within the same social group inside a roost but never against members of other groups. Some females occasionally move temporally to join other social groups in the roost, and during those occasions, all other females smell a visitor’s wings and head for about a minute; the visitor eventually returns to the original group.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. No country across its distribution lists the Greater Bulldog Bat as threatened or endangered. If habitat is in good condition, their populations are stable. It is likely, however, that removal or disturbance of roosts, such as large hollow trees or caves, can have negative effects on Greater Bulldog Bats.	Bordignon (2006) | Bordignon & Franca (2016) | Bork (2006) | Brooke (1994, 1997) | Davis (1973) | Hood & Jones (1984) | Mares et al. (1981) | Pavan et al. (2013) | Schnitzler et al. (1994) | Thomas (1911a) | Zortéa & Aguiar (2001)	https://zenodo.org/record/6606987/files/figure.png	1. Greater Bulldog Bat Noctilio leporinus French: Grand Noctilion / German: Grofes Hasenmaul / Spanish: Noctilio grande Other common names: Fisherman Bat Taxonomy. Vespertilio leporinus Linnaeus, 1758 , “America.” Restricted by O. Thomas in 1911 to “ Surinam [= Suriname ].” Taxonomy of N. leporinus has been stable for a long time, and in 1973, it was clarified that its taxonomy is quite simple. Morerecent work based on DNA sequencing of mitochondrial (control region) and nuclear (RAG2) genetic material yielded a relatively homogeneous phylogenetic landscape with low genetic diversity that seemedto indicate that the northern subspecies was valid. In South America, N. leporinus might be represented by only one other subspecies, but additional research is needed. Three subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. N.l.leporinusLinnaeus,1758—theGuianas,AmazonBasin,andmostofBrazil. N.l.mastivusVahl,1797—W&SMexico,CentralAmerica,WestIndies,N,W&EColombia,Venezuela,WEcuador,andextremeNWPeru. N. l. rufescens Olfers, 1818 — E Bolivia , Paraguay , N Argentina , and S Brazil . Descriptive notes. Head—body 82-100 mm, tail 23-28 mm, ear 28-30 mm, hindfoot 25-34 mm, forearm 81-87 mm; weight 50-90 g. The Greater Bulldog Batis relatively large compared with other bats that coexist with it. Furis extremelyshort, almost velvety, andstiff. Colorvaries from light brown usually in females to rich reddish brown or even bright yellow in males. Thereis a pale, almost white thin line along dorsum from nape to rump. Venteris paler. Hindclaws are extremely elongated, sharp, recurved, and used to grabfish when feet are dipped into water. Interfemoral membraneis very wide androbust. Faceis verydistinctive, with naked cheeks and snout andslit upper lip. Ears are separate, narrow, and slightly elongated. Habitat. Dry and humid tropical forests, small coastal lagoons, mangroves, and other tropical vegetation types, with large trees and standing or slow-flowing waterin wide lakes, slow-flowing rivers, or estuaries from sea level to elevations of ¢. 500 m . The Greater Bulldog Bat roosts in hollowtrees, although some have been reportedin caves and rock crevices and occasionally human structures such as bridges. Food and Feeding. Greater Bulldog Bats are adaptedto feed on fish that they capture directly from the watersurface. Fresh andsaltwaterfish dominate diets, but insects are also eaten, sometimes copiously. In adequate conditions, it is quite a spectacle to watch small groups of Greater Bulldog Bats raking the water surface with their claws over and over. One study showed that as much as 80% of the diet can be insects. Other prey included shrimp, crabs, and scorpions. Greater Bulldog Bats have large cheek pouches that they use to store partially chewed prey; they forage until cheek pouches are full and then finely chew and swallow prey items. When foraging over water, they use three forms offishing: high search flight, low search flight, and random rake. In high search flight, they emit long (13-3-17 milliseconds) pulses and fly 20-50 cm above the water surface, point-dipping their hindclaws when a food item is detected. In low search flight, they emit shorter pulses (c.5:6 milliseconds) and fly only 2-4 cm above the water and also point-dip their hindclaws when prey is detected. During random rake, they echolocate as during high search flight but dip their hindclaws in the water for up to 10 m . Random rake is mostly used in the presence of copious jumping fish, and they can catch a fish every 50-200 passes. Breeding. Female Greater Bulldog Bats have a single embryo per pregnancy. One to two seasonal peaks in births occur, depending on the area. Often the first birth peak coincides with the onset of the rainy season, varying geographically from April to June, and the second peak, usually smaller than the first, occurs toward the end of the rainy season. Nevertheless, pregnant and lactating females and males with scrotal testes have been reported in every month of the year, but individual females have a single pregnancy per year. Although data are limited, gestation seemsto last c.5 months. Testes of males grow and produce sperm seasonally. Males have two ancillary skin sacks in the genital area that might have hormonal or glandular function. Activity patterns. Greater Bulldog Bats are nocturnal, generally leaving the roost within two hours after sunset. In Puerto Rico between November and January, they left the roost within an hour after sunset, but in August, they left an hour later with no apparent reason for the change. Most activity occurs before midnight. On cold nights with temperatures below 12°C, they did not leave the roost. Groups of bats seem to leave the roost together but do not return together. When female members of the same group left the roost, they lingered in its vicinity until other members of the group exited the roost, and then they all flew together toward foraging areas, within 5 m of each other. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Despite their large size and relatively open foraging habitat, few studies have been conducted to follow movements of Greater Bulldog Bats. They have relatively small home ranges, and flying distances to forage are less than 1 km from the roost. Foraging females belonging to the same group had overlapping home ranges, with radio-locations indistinguishable from one another, and females returned to the same foraging area night after night, even in different years. Males forage separately from females. A study in Puerto Rico showed that colonies are usually formed by groups of 3-10 females and a single male, plus additional groups of 1-3 bachelor males, but this structure can be repeated more than once in a roost. Social groups are very cohesive, and when a group of females moves to a different roost, they do it together and also with the resident male of the harem. These groups remain as stable units for at least two years. Females and males within a group mark themselves periodically with secretions from subaxial glands. Females rub their heads under wings of other females; males mark themselves the same way. Females also rub their chins or heads against heads of other females within the same social group inside a roost but never against members of other groups. Some females occasionally move temporally to join other social groups in the roost, and during those occasions, all other females smell a visitor’s wings and head for about a minute; the visitor eventually returns to the original group. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. No country across its distribution lists the Greater Bulldog Bat as threatened or endangered. If habitat is in good condition, their populations are stable. It is likely, however, that removal or disturbance of roosts, such as large hollow trees or caves, can have negative effects on Greater Bulldog Bats. Bibliography. Bordignon (2006), Bordignon & Franca (2016), Bork (2006), Brooke (1994, 1997), Davis (1973), Hood & Jones (1984), Mares et al. (1981), Pavan et al. (2013), Schnitzler et al. (1994), Thomas (1911a), Zortéa & Aguiar (2001).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Noctilionidae	Noctilio leporinus	Noctilio	Noctilio	leporinus	Linnaeus	1758	1	Syst. Nat	10th ed., 1: 32	Greater Bulldog Bat	 americanus Linnaeus, 1766; brooksiana Leach, 1821; dorsatus Desmarest, 1818; labialis Kerr, 1792; longipes Pelzeln, 1883; macropus Pelzeln, 1883; minor Fermin, 1765; rufus Spix, 1823; unicolor Desmarest, 1818; vittatus Schinz, 1821; <b> mastivus </b> Vahl, 1797; mexicanus Goldman 1915;<b> rufescens </b> Pelzeln, 1883; rufipes D&#39;Orbigny, 1835	Surinam (restricted by Thomas, 1911)	Sinaloa (Mexico) south through to the Guianas, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, to S Brazil, N Argentina; Trinidad; Greater and Lesser Antilles; S Bahamas	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Noctilio. See Hood and Jones (1984). Antillean form reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Noctilio leporinus	23	Greater Bulldog Bat	Fisherman Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	NOCTILIONIDAE	NA	NA	Noctilio	NA	leporinus	Linnaeus	1758	1	Vespertilio_leporinus	Linnaeus, C. von. (1758). Systema Naturae. Regnum Animale. 10th Ed. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm, vol. 1, 32.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033865#page/42/mode/1up	BM 1867.4.12.339		"America." Restricted by O. Thomas in 1911 to "Surinam [= Suriname]."			leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758)|minor (Fermin, 1765) [unavailable name]|americanus Linnaeus, 1766|labialis Kerr, 1792|mastivus (Vahl, 1797)|novemboracensis Lacépède, 1799|rufescens Illiger, 1815 [nomen nudum]|dorsatus Desmarest, 1818|rufescens Olfers, 1818|unicolor Desmarest, 1818|brooksiana (Leach, 1821)|vittatus Schinz, 1821|rufus Spix, 1823|rufipes d'Orbigny, 1837|intermedius Pelzeln, 1883 [nomen nudum]|longipes Pelzeln, 1883 [nomen nudum]|macropus Pelzeln, 1883 [nomen nudum]|mexicanus E. A. Goldman, 1915	NA	NA	Anguilla|Antigua & Barbuda|Aruba|Bahamas|Barbados|Cuba|Dominica|Dominican Republic|Haiti|Grenada|Guadeloupe|Jamaica|Martinique|Montserrat|Puerto Rico|Saint Kitts & Nevis|Saint Lucia|Saint Martin|Saint Vincent & the Grenadines|Trinidad & Tobago|United States Virgin Islands|British Virgin Islands|Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|El Salvador|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia|Paraguay|Argentina	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Noctilio_leporinus	0	sciname match	Noctilio_leporinus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	14830	Noctilio leporinus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	NOCTILIONIDAE	Noctilio	leporinus	(Linnaeus, 1758)	This species is in the subgenus Noctilio . See Hood and Jones (1984). The Antillean form was reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003)	20000000	Noctilio leporinus	Least Concern		2015	2015-07-20 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern in because of its wide distribution, presumed large population, occurrence in a number of protected areas, tolerance to some degree of habitat modification, and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category.	It lives in hollow trees and caves. It is a piscivore and can eat aquatic insects. It has been observed in groups larger than 30 individuals in Brazil (Barquez 1999). It roosts near streams, coastal marine habitats, major river basins or other moist places. Bachelor males roost apart from females. Males residing with female groups stay for two or more reproductive seasons (Mulheisen and Berry 2000). Females bear a single young each pregnancy. This species tends to have pregnancies occurring from September until January, and lactation is first seen in November and continues until April. This is a general pattern, however, and it can vary with geographical location. Reproduction corresponds to seasons of greatest food availability (Mulheisen and Berry 2000).	There are no major threats to this species throughout its range. In Guatemala fishfarmers are killing this species (Cajas pers. comm.). In Belize the water level has changed and restricted the range (Miller pers. comm.). ;Water bodies pollution (Armando Rodriguez pers. comm.) and deforestation (Uribe and Castro-Arellano 2005) are also localised threats.	It is abundant and large roosts of hundreds of bats have been reported. It may also roost in smaller groups of up to 30 individuals and forage at night in groups of five to 15 animals (Mulheisen and Berry 2000). ;It is rare in Argentina (Barquez pers. comm.).	Unknown	It occurs from Sinaloa (Mexico) to the Guianas, Suriname, Brazil, northern Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru, in Trinidad, the Greater and Lesser Antilles and the south Bahamas (Simmons 2005).	This species is not used.	Terrestrial	It is found in protected areas.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Noctilionidae	Noctilio	Noctilio	leporinus	Linnaeus	1758	1	Syst. Nat	10th ed., 1: 32	Greater Bulldog Bat	 americanus Linnaeus, 1766; brooksiana Leach, 1821; dorsatus Desmarest, 1818; labialis Kerr, 1792; longipes Pelzeln, 1883; macropus Pelzeln, 1883; minor Fermin, 1765; rufus Spix, 1823; unicolor Desmarest, 1818; vittatus Schinz, 1821; <b> mastivus </b> Vahl, 1797; mexicanus Goldman 1915;<b> rufescens </b> Pelzeln, 1883; rufipes D&#39;Orbigny, 1835	Surinam (restricted by Thomas, 1911)	Sinaloa (Mexico) south through to the Guianas, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, to S Brazil, N Argentina; Trinidad; Greater and Lesser Antilles; S Bahamas	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Noctilio. See Hood and Jones (1984). Antillean form reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).	Noctilio leporinus	1004871	23	Greater Bulldog Bat	Fisherman Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Noctilionidae	NA	NA	Noctilio	NA	leporinus	Linnaeus	1758	1	Vespertilio_leporinus	Linnaeus, C. von. (1758). Systema Naturae. Regnum Animale. 10th Ed. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm, vol. 1, 32.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033865#page/42/mode/1up	BM 1867.4.12.339		"America." Restricted by O. Thomas in 1911 to "Surinam [= Suriname]."			leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758)|minor (Fermin, 1765) [unavailable name]|americanus Linnaeus, 1766|labialis Kerr, 1792|mastivus (Vahl, 1797)|novemboracensis Lacépède, 1799|rufescens Illiger, 1815 [nomen nudum]|dorsatus Desmarest, 1818|rufescens Olfers, 1818|unicolor Desmarest, 1818|brooksiana (Leach, 1821)|vittatus Schinz, 1821|rufus Spix, 1823|rufipes d'Orbigny, 1837|intermedius Pelzeln, 1883 [nomen nudum]|longipes Pelzeln, 1883 [nomen nudum]|macropus Pelzeln, 1883 [nomen nudum]|mexicanus E. A. Goldman, 1915	NA	NA				Anguilla|Antigua & Barbuda|Aruba|Bahamas|Barbados|Cuba|Dominica|Dominican Republic|Haiti|Grenada|Guadeloupe|Jamaica|Martinique|Montserrat|Puerto Rico|Saint Kitts & Nevis|Saint Lucia|Saint Martin|Saint Vincent & the Grenadines|Trinidad & Tobago|United States Virgin Islands|British Virgin Islands|Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|El Salvador|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia|Paraguay|Argentina	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Noctilio_leporinus	0	sciname match	Noctilio_leporinus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Noctilio_leporinus	1004871	23	Greater Bulldog Bat	Fisherman Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Noctilionidae	NA	NA	Noctilio	NA	leporinus	Linnaeus	1	Vespertilio leporinus	Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033824	BMNH:Mamm:1867.4.12.339	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/47cfe7da-06a2-4bcf-a321-4922e7989a9c	"America." Restricted by O. Thomas in 1911 to "Surinam [= Suriname]."			NA	NA				Anguilla|Antigua and Barbuda|Aruba|Bahamas|Barbados|Cuba|Dominica|Dominican Republic|Haiti|Grenada|Guadeloupe|Jamaica|Martinique|Montserrat|Puerto Rico|Saint Kitts and Nevis|Saint Lucia|Sint Maarten|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|Trinidad and Tobago|United States Virgin Islands|British Virgin Islands|Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|El Salvador|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia|Paraguay|Argentina	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Noctilio_leporinus	0	sciname match	Noctilio_leporinus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Noctilionidae	Noctilio	Noctilio	leporinus	Linnaeus	1758	1	Syst. Nat	10th ed., 1: 32	Greater Bulldog Bat	americanus Linnaeus, 1766; brooksiana Leach, 1821; dorsatus Desmarest, 1818; labialis Kerr, 1792; longipes Pelzeln, 1883; macropus Pelzeln, 1883; minor Fermin, 1765; rufus Spix, 1823; unicolor Desmarest, 1818; vittatus Schinz, 1821; mastivus Vahl, 1797; mexicanus Goldman 1915; rufescens Pelzeln, 1883; rufipes D&#39;Orbigny, 1835	Surinam (restricted by Thomas, 1911)	Sinaloa (Mexico) south through to the Guianas, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, to S Brazil, N Argentina; Trinidad; Greater and Lesser Antilles; S Bahamas	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14830/22019554/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Subgenus Noctilio. See Hood and Jones (1984). Antillean form reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003). Appears to be monophyletic; see Lewis-Oritt et al. (2001), Khan et al. (2013), Pavan et al. (2013), and Ospina-Garcés and León-Paniagua (2022).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Noctilio leporinus; Noctilio leporinus; Noctilio leporinus; Noctilio leporinus; Noctilio leporinus; Noctilio leporinus; leporinus; mastivus; rufescens; americanus; brooksiana; dorsatus; labialis; longipes; macropus; minor; rufus; unicolor; vittatus; mastivus - mexicanus; rufescens - rufipes; leporinus; mastivus; rufescens; mastivus; rufescens; americanus; brooksiana; dorsatus; labialis; longipes; macropus; minor; rufus; unicolor; vittatus; mastivus - mexicanus; rufescens - rufipes; leporinus; minor; americanus; labialis; mastivus; novemboracensis; rufescens; dorsatus; rufescens; unicolor; brooksiana; vittatus; rufus; rufipes; intermedius; longipes; macropus; mexicanus; Grand Noctilion; Grofes Hasenmaul; Noctilio grande; Fisherman Bat; Greater Bulldog Bat; Fisherman Bat; Greater Bulldog Bat; Greater Bulldog Bat; N. leporinus