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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1023	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Noctilio albiventris	Noctilio albiventris	Noctilio albiventris	Noctilio albiventris	Noctilio albiventris	Noctilio albiventris	Noctilio albiventris	Noctilio albiventris	Noctilio albiventris	Noctilio albiventris	Noctilio albiventris	Noctilio albiventris	Noctilio albiventris	Noctilio albiventris	Noctilio albiventris		[MSW2] Subgenus Dirias. Formerly referred to as labialis; see Davis (1976). See Hood and Pitocchelli (1983, Mammalian Species, 197).; [MSW3] Subgenus Dirias. Formerly referred to as labialis; see Davis (1976). See Simmons and Voss (1998) for discussion of Amazonian subspecies. Also see Hood and Pitocchelli (1983). May include more than one species, see Lewis-Oritt et al. (2001b).; [HMW] Noctilio albiventris Desmarest, 1818 , “I’Amérique méridionale.” Restricted by A. Cabrera in 1958 to Rio Sao Francisco, Bahia , Brazil . Noctilio albiventris is paraphyletic with respect to N. leporinus . This has been proposed and confirmed using several different molecular markers, including mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Recent studies suggest that N. albiventris is a complex of at least three and maybe four cryptic species yet to be determined but roughly coinciding with the current subspecific arrangement. Four subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Subgenus Dirias . Formerly referred to as labialis ; see Davis (1976). See Pavan et al. (2012) and Vilamiu et al. (2010) for a discussion of subspecies, but see Simmons and Voss (1998) for an alternative view of the status of affinis . Also see Hood and Pitocchelli (1983). Appears to include more than one species, see Lewis-Oritt et al. (2001) and Pavan et al. (2012). See Gardner (2007) for a discussion of the synonym ruber .; [IUCN] This species is in the subgenus Dirias . It was formerly referred to as labialis . See Simmons and Voss (1998) for discussion of Amazonian subspecies. Also see Hood and Pitocchelli (1983). It may include more than one species; see Lewis-Oritt et al. (2001). ;Anwarali et al. (2014), indicate that additional genetic data doesn't support polyphyly of the species. Clear genetic and geographic structure exist in the species, but no instances of ongoing hybridization exist between N. albiventris and N. leporinus .; [batnames2023] Subgenus Dirias . Formerly referred to as labialis ; see Davis (1976). See Pavan et al. (2012) and Vilamiu et al. (2010) for a discussion of subspecies, but see Simmons and Voss (1998) for an alternative view of the status of affinis . Also see Hood and Pitocchelli (1983). Appears to include more than one species, see Lewis-Oritt et al. (2001) and Pavan et al. (2012). See Gardner (2007) for a discussion of the synonym ruber .; [MDD2025_2.0] likely represents a species complex; includes minor, which may represent a distinct species based on molecular data; [batnames2025_1.7] Subgenus Dirias. Formerly referred to as labialis; see Davis (1976). See Pavan et al. (2012) and Vilamiu et al. (2010) for a discussion of subspecies, but see Simmons and Voss (1998) for an alternative view of the status of affinis. Also see Hood and Pitocchelli (1983). May include more than one species, see Lewis-Oritt et al. (2001), Pavan et al. (2013), and Ospina-Garcés and León-Paniagua (2022); but see Khan et al. (2013) for a different view. Although Ospina-Garcés and León-Paniagua (2022) recognized minor as a distinct species, we continue to include minor as subspecies of albiventris pending further investigation. See Gardner (2007) for a discussion of the synonym ruber.; [MDD2025_2.2] likely represents a species complex; includes minor, which may represent a distinct species based on molecular data				labialis		affinis, cabrerai, irex, minor, zaparo.	minor, affinis, albiventris, cabrerai	albiventris, cabrerai, minor	affinis, albiventer, irex, leporinus, ruber, zaparo	albiventris, affinis, cabrerai, minor		albiventris, affinis, cabrerai, minor	albiventris - albiventer, irex, leporinus, ruber; affinis - zaparo	albiventris, albiventer, albiventer, affinis, zaparo, minor, irex, cabrerai	This species is in the subgenus Dirias . It was formerly referred to as labialis . See Simmons and Voss (1998) for discussion of Amazonian subspecies. Also see Hood and Pitocchelli (1983). It may include more than one species; see Lewis-Oritt et al. (2001). ;Anwarali et al. (2014), indicate that additional genetic data doesn't support polyphyly of the species. Clear genetic and geographic structure exist in the species, but no instances of ongoing hybridization exist between N. albiventris and N. leporinus .	albiventris, affinis, cabrerai, minor	albiventris - albiventer, irex, leporinus, ruber; affinis - zaparo	albiventris, albiventer, albiventer, affinis, zaparo, minor, irex, cabrerai 	albiventris, albiventer, albiventer, affinis, zaparo, minor, irex, cabrerai, cabrerae	affinis, albiventris, cabrerai, minor	affinis - zaparo; albiventris - albiventer, irex, leporinus, ruber	albiventris A. G. Desmarest, 1818|albiventer A. G. Desmarest, 1821 [incorrect subsequent spelling]|albiventer von Spix, 1823 [preoccupied]|affinis d'Orbigny, 1837|medius Fitzinger, 1870|zaparo Cabrera, 1907|minor Osgood, 1910|irex (O. Thomas, 1920)|cabrerai W. B. Davis, 1976|cabrerae M. A. Lawrence, 1993 [incorrect subsequent spelling]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Southern bulldog bat	Honduras N Argentina	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Noctilio albiventris	Brazil, Bahia, Rio Sao Francisco.	Desmarest	1818	Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. Paris, 23:15.	Distribution: Same as for subgenus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Lesser bulldog bat	Honduras – N Argentina	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Desmarest	1818	Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed., 23:15.	Subgenus Dirias. Formerly referred to as labialis; see Davis (1976). See Hood and Pitocchelli (1983, Mammalian Species, 197).	S Mexico to Guianas, E Brazil, N Argentina, and Peru.	Brazil, Bahia, Rio Sao Francisco.		DESMAREST	1818	Size relatively small (forearm length, 54-70 mm).	Distribution: Same as for subgenus.	Four subspecies:	N. a. minor (southern Mexico to northwestern Venezuela), N. a. affinis (Guianas and northern Venezuela through western Amazonia to Bolivia), N. a. albiventris (south eastern Venezuela through eastern Amazonia to eastern Brazil), N. a. cabrerai (southwestern Brazil through Para guay to northern Argentina).	70	species	N. albiventris	DESMAREST	1818	Dirias	subgenus	Noctilio albiventris				Size relatively small (forearm length, 54-70 mm).	Four subspecies:		1. N. albiventris DESMAREST 1818.	1	_N. a. albiventris_ Desmarest, 1818 (synonyms: _affinis_ d'Orbigny, 1837, _albiventer_ Spix, 1823, _irex_ (Thomas, 1920), _leporinus_ (Linnaeus, 1758), _medius_ Fitzinger, 1870, _zaparo_ Cabrera, 1907); _N. a. cabrerai_ Davis, 1976; _N. a. minor_ Osgood, 1910			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Noctilionidae			Noctilio albiventris	Noctilio	Dirias	albiventris	Desmarest		1818		Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed.	23		15		Lesser Bulldog Bat	Brazil, Bahia, Rio Sao Francisco.	S Mexico to Guianas, E Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, and N Argentina.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	affinis D’Orbigny, 1835; albiventer Spix, 1823; irex Thomas, 1920; leporinus Gervais, 1856 [not Linnaeus, 1758]; ruber Rengger, 1830; zaparo Cabrera, 1907; cabrerai Davis, 1976; minor Osgood, 1910.	Subgenus Dirias. Formerly referred to as labialis; see Davis (1976). See Simmons and Voss (1998) for discussion of Amazonian subspecies. Also see Hood and Pitocchelli (1983). May include more than one species, see Lewis-Oritt et al. (2001b).	03DABE4AFFE3FFA357DE4E6AF95BC2A5	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Noctilionidae_404.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ffe3c632ffe0ffa057444405ffa9c95b	411	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/DA/BE/03DABE4AFFE3FFA357DE4E6AF95BC2A5.xml	Noctilio albiventris	Noctilionidae	Noctilio	albiventris	Desmarest	1818	Petit Noctilion @fr | Kleines Hasenmaul @de | Noctilio pequeno @es	Noctilio albiventris Desmarest, 1818 , “I’Amérique méridionale.” Restricted by A. Cabrera in 1958 to Rio Sao Francisco, Bahia , Brazil . Noctilio albiventris is paraphyletic with respect to N. leporinus . This has been proposed and confirmed using several different molecular markers, including mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Recent studies suggest that N. albiventris is a complex of at least three and maybe four cryptic species yet to be determined but roughly coinciding with the current subspecific arrangement. Four subspecies recognized.	N.a.albiventrisDesmarest,1818—lowerAmazonBasinofVenezuela,theGuianas,andC&FEBrazil. N.a.affinisd’Orbigny,1836—SEColombia,EEcuador,upperAmazonBasinofVenezuela,EPeru,WBrazil,andBolivia. N.a.cabreraiW.B.Davis,1976—SBrazil,Paraguay,andNEArgentina. N. a. minor Osgood, 1910 —- extreme S Mexico ( Chiapas ), Central America, N Colombia , and N Venezuela .	Head-body 65-68 mm, tail 13-16 mm, ear 22-24 mm, hindfoot 16-19 mm, forearm 54-70 mm; weight 22-42 g. The Lesser Bulldog Bat is a smaller version of the Greater Bulldog Bat (N. leporinus ), with some minor differences. Hindclaws of the Lesser Bulldog Bat are much shorter than those in the Greater Bulldog Bat and shorter than calcar. Size and relative length of hindclaws easily allow distinction between the two congeners. Fur is very short and pale brown to bright yellow. Head is almost hairless, with loose cheek skin and hare-like upper lip.	Primarily tropical rainforests but also other tropical vegetation types such as dry tropical forest and mangrove from sea level to elevations of ¢. 1100 m . Lesser Bulldog Bats usually roost in hollow trees but can also be found in buildings. They often share roosts with other species of bats such as mastiff bats ( Molossus sp. ). In the Beni Department of Bolivia , Lesser Bulldog Bats commute among forest islands across tropical grasslands and use hollow trees of at least eleven species; roosting trees have greater diameters than non-roosting trees.	Diet of the Lesser Bulldog Bat is strongly dominated by insects, primarily hemipterans, beetles, moths, homopterans, and dipterans. According to all published studies, Lesser Bulldog Bats feed copiously on insects, but other studies also show that they eatfruits of species of Moraceae ( Ficus , Brosimum , and Morus ) and Urticaceae ( Cecropia ) and occasionally fish. Pollen of various tree species has also been reported in stomach contents or fecal pellets. Given that they often fly in open areas, they are believed to be good seed dispersers. One study found many remains of dytiscid beetles, a primarily aquatic species, in the diet, and a pimelodid catfish swallowed a Lesser Bulldog Bat, both suggesting association with aquatic environments. Lesser Bulldog Bats have been observed scooping insect prey from the water surface. Observations in the wild show that they fly in open areas including along slow-flowing streams and rivers, lakes, and estuaries, briefly dipping or dragging their feet or interfemoral membrane in the water to scoop up insects. They spend an average of ¢.120 minutes outside of the roost, most of that time foraging.	Reproductive habits of the Lesser Bulldog Bat indicate a monoestrous cycle, with mating in November—-March and young born in April-May in Panama . In other regions, the cycle varies accordingly. Littersize is one, although one instance of twinning was documented. Reproductive accessory glands, including prostate, are very similar in the Lesser Bulldog Bat and other bats in the families Emballonuridae , Phyllostomidae , and Molossidae . Captive juvenile Lesser Bulldog Bats did not fly until 5-6 weeks old and nursed until ¢.3 months old. Lactating females suckled only their young, which they appeared to recognize from acoustic cues emitted by their young. Mother and young call in coordinated duets in the roost and while flying and foraging together. Males have two ancillary skin sacks in the genital area that might have hormonal or glandular function.	Lesser Bulldog Bats leave their roost quite early, right after sunset, in contrast with their larger congener, the Greater Bulldog Bat that leaves the roost up to two hours after sunset. This difference has been suggested to be a mechanism to avoid competition between congeners. Lesser Bulldog Bats stay active usually between sunset and 1-2 hours after sunset and then return to their roost, with a second peak of activity around midnight.	Some studies indicate that Lesser Bulldog Bats might be philopatric and very loyal to a particular roost. Social organization seems to be harem-based, with up to ten females per male and several harems inhabiting any particular roost. There is an instance of predation by the great rufous woodcreeper (Xiphocolaptes major)—a bird that is known to capture prey and nest inside hollow trees.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. No country considers the Lesser Bulldog Bat at any level of risk of extinction. In Bolivia , some populations might be prone to extirpation because misdirected control of Common Vampire Bat ( Desmodus rotundus ) can destroy hollow tree roosts.	Aguirre, Lens & Matthysen (2003) | Aranguren et al. (2011) | Beguelini et al. (2016) | Botero-Botero etal. (2015) | Brown et al. (1983) | Cabrera (1958) | Camargo & Laps (2016) | Davis (1976b) | Dechmann et al. (2013) | Fenton, Audet et al. (1993) | Forman et al. (1989) | Gongalves et al. (2007) | Hood & Pitocchelli (1983) | Howell & Burch (1974) | Kalko et al. (1998)	https://zenodo.org/record/6606991/files/figure.png	2. Lesser Bulldog Bat Noctilio albiventris French: Petit Noctilion / German: Kleines Hasenmaul / Spanish: Noctilio pequeno Taxonomy. Noctilio albiventris Desmarest, 1818 , “I’Amérique méridionale.” Restricted by A. Cabrera in 1958 to Rio Sao Francisco, Bahia , Brazil . Noctilio albiventris is paraphyletic with respect to N. leporinus . This has been proposed and confirmed using several different molecular markers, including mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Recent studies suggest that N. albiventris is a complex of at least three and maybe four cryptic species yet to be determined but roughly coinciding with the current subspecific arrangement. Four subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. N.a.albiventrisDesmarest,1818—lowerAmazonBasinofVenezuela,theGuianas,andC&FEBrazil. N.a.affinisd’Orbigny,1836—SEColombia,EEcuador,upperAmazonBasinofVenezuela,EPeru,WBrazil,andBolivia. N.a.cabreraiW.B.Davis,1976—SBrazil,Paraguay,andNEArgentina. N. a. minor Osgood, 1910 —- extreme S Mexico ( Chiapas ), Central America, N Colombia , and N Venezuela . Descriptive notes. Head-body 65-68 mm, tail 13-16 mm, ear 22-24 mm, hindfoot 16-19 mm, forearm 54-70 mm; weight 22-42 g. The Lesser Bulldog Bat is a smaller version of the Greater Bulldog Bat (N. leporinus ), with some minor differences. Hindclaws of the Lesser Bulldog Bat are much shorter than those in the Greater Bulldog Bat and shorter than calcar. Size and relative length of hindclaws easily allow distinction between the two congeners. Fur is very short and pale brown to bright yellow. Head is almost hairless, with loose cheek skin and hare-like upper lip. Habitat. Primarily tropical rainforests but also other tropical vegetation types such as dry tropical forest and mangrove from sea level to elevations of ¢. 1100 m . Lesser Bulldog Bats usually roost in hollow trees but can also be found in buildings. They often share roosts with other species of bats such as mastiff bats ( Molossus sp. ). In the Beni Department of Bolivia , Lesser Bulldog Bats commute among forest islands across tropical grasslands and use hollow trees of at least eleven species; roosting trees have greater diameters than non-roosting trees. Food and Feeding. Diet of the Lesser Bulldog Bat is strongly dominated by insects, primarily hemipterans, beetles, moths, homopterans, and dipterans. According to all published studies, Lesser Bulldog Bats feed copiously on insects, but other studies also show that they eatfruits of species of Moraceae ( Ficus , Brosimum , and Morus ) and Urticaceae ( Cecropia ) and occasionally fish. Pollen of various tree species has also been reported in stomach contents or fecal pellets. Given that they often fly in open areas, they are believed to be good seed dispersers. One study found many remains of dytiscid beetles, a primarily aquatic species, in the diet, and a pimelodid catfish swallowed a Lesser Bulldog Bat, both suggesting association with aquatic environments. Lesser Bulldog Bats have been observed scooping insect prey from the water surface. Observations in the wild show that they fly in open areas including along slow-flowing streams and rivers, lakes, and estuaries, briefly dipping or dragging their feet or interfemoral membrane in the water to scoop up insects. They spend an average of ¢.120 minutes outside of the roost, most of that time foraging. Breeding. Reproductive habits of the Lesser Bulldog Bat indicate a monoestrous cycle, with mating in November—-March and young born in April-May in Panama . In other regions, the cycle varies accordingly. Littersize is one, although one instance of twinning was documented. Reproductive accessory glands, including prostate, are very similar in the Lesser Bulldog Bat and other bats in the families Emballonuridae , Phyllostomidae , and Molossidae . Captive juvenile Lesser Bulldog Bats did not fly until 5-6 weeks old and nursed until ¢.3 months old. Lactating females suckled only their young, which they appeared to recognize from acoustic cues emitted by their young. Mother and young call in coordinated duets in the roost and while flying and foraging together. Males have two ancillary skin sacks in the genital area that might have hormonal or glandular function. Activity patterns. Lesser Bulldog Bats leave their roost quite early, right after sunset, in contrast with their larger congener, the Greater Bulldog Bat that leaves the roost up to two hours after sunset. This difference has been suggested to be a mechanism to avoid competition between congeners. Lesser Bulldog Bats stay active usually between sunset and 1-2 hours after sunset and then return to their roost, with a second peak of activity around midnight. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Some studies indicate that Lesser Bulldog Bats might be philopatric and very loyal to a particular roost. Social organization seems to be harem-based, with up to ten females per male and several harems inhabiting any particular roost. There is an instance of predation by the great rufous woodcreeper (Xiphocolaptes major)—a bird that is known to capture prey and nest inside hollow trees. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. No country considers the Lesser Bulldog Bat at any level of risk of extinction. In Bolivia , some populations might be prone to extirpation because misdirected control of Common Vampire Bat ( Desmodus rotundus ) can destroy hollow tree roosts. Bibliography. Aguirre, Lens & Matthysen (2003), Aranguren et al. (2011), Beguelini et al. (2016), Botero-Botero etal. (2015), Brown et al. (1983), Cabrera (1958), Camargo & Laps (2016), Davis (1976b), Dechmann et al. (2013), Fenton, Audet et al. (1993), Forman et al. (1989), Gongalves et al. (2007), Hood & Pitocchelli (1983), Howell & Burch (1974), Kalko et al. (1998).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Noctilionidae	Noctilio albiventris	Noctilio	Dirias	albiventris	Desmarest	1818	0	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat	Nouv. ed., 23: 15	Lesser Bulldog Bat	 albiventer Spix, 1823; irex Thomas, 1920; leporinus Gervais, 1856 [not Linnaeus, 1758]; ruber Rengger, 1830; <b> affinis </b>D&#39;Orbigny, 1835;  zaparo Cabrera, 1907; <b> cabrerai </b> Davis, 1976; <b> minor </b> Osgood, 1910	Brazil, Bahia, Rio Sao Francisco	Chiapas (Mexico) to Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, and N Argentina	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Dirias . Formerly referred to as labialis ; see Davis (1976). See Pavan et al. (2012) and Vilamiu et al. (2010) for a discussion of subspecies, but see Simmons and Voss (1998) for an alternative view of the status of affinis . Also see Hood and Pitocchelli (1983). Appears to include more than one species, see Lewis-Oritt et al. (2001) and Pavan et al. (2012). See Gardner (2007) for a discussion of the synonym ruber .	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Noctilio albiventris	23	Lesser Bulldog Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	NOCTILIONIDAE	NA	NA	Noctilio	NA	albiventris	Desmarest	1818	0						"l'Amérique méridionale." Restricted by A. Cabrera in 1958 to Rio São Francisco, Bahia, Brazil.			albiventris Desmarest, 1818|albiventer Desmarest, 1820|albiventer Spix, 1823|affinis d'Orbigny, 1837|zaparo Cabrera, 1907|minor Osgood, 1910|irex (O. Thomas, 1920)|cabrerai W. B. Davis, 1976	NA	NA	Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|Honduras|El Salvador|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Ecuador|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia|Paraguay|Argentina	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Noctilio_albiventris	0	sciname match	Noctilio_albiventris	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	14829	Noctilio albiventris	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	NOCTILIONIDAE	Noctilio	albiventris	Desmarest, 1818	This species is in the subgenus Dirias . It was formerly referred to as labialis . See Simmons and Voss (1998) for discussion of Amazonian subspecies. Also see Hood and Pitocchelli (1983). It may include more than one species; see Lewis-Oritt et al. (2001). ;Anwarali et al. (2014), indicate that additional genetic data doesn't support polyphyly of the species. Clear genetic and geographic structure exist in the species, but no instances of ongoing hybridization exist between N. albiventris and N. leporinus .	20000000	Noctilio albiventris	Least Concern		2015	2015-07-20 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern in because of its wide distribution, presumed large population, occurrence in a number of protected areas, tolerance to some degree of habitat modification, and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category.	This species is found in a variety of vegetation types throughout its range, but it is always located near streams, bodies of water or other moist places. Bulldog Bats typically roost in hollow trees, foliage and man-made structures ;(Barquez ;1999, Barquez et al. ; 2006). Members of this species have been found in association with the mastiff bat Molossus molossus ; the roost can easily be identified by the musky odour of the Lesser Bulldog Bat (Nowak 1999). Individuals have ;been noted foraging with eight to 15 conspecifics. Studies of the activity pattern of this species show a peak in activity immediately after sundown (Hooper and Brown 1968).	There are no major threats.	It is abundant. This species is uncommon in its northern range (Arroyo Cabrales pers. comm.). It can be found from sea level up to 1,100 m asl (Hood and Pitochelli 1983).	Stable	This species occurs in south Mexico (only Chiapas) to the Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia and northern Argentina (Simmons 2005).	This species is not used.	Terrestrial	In Mexico it is listed as subject to special protection under NOM - 059 - SEMARNAT - 2001 (Arroyo-Cabrales pers. comm.). It needs taxonomic review (Barquez pers. comm.)	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Noctilionidae	Noctilio	Dirias	albiventris	Desmarest	1818	0	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat	Nouv. ed., 23: 15	Lesser Bulldog Bat	 albiventer Spix, 1823; irex Thomas, 1920; leporinus Gervais, 1856 [not Linnaeus, 1758]; ruber Rengger, 1830; <b> affinis </b>D&#39;Orbigny, 1835;  zaparo Cabrera, 1907; <b> cabrerai </b> Davis, 1976; <b> minor </b> Osgood, 1910	Brazil, Bahia, Rio Sao Francisco	Chiapas (Mexico) to Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, and N Argentina	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Dirias . Formerly referred to as labialis ; see Davis (1976). See Pavan et al. (2012) and Vilamiu et al. (2010) for a discussion of subspecies, but see Simmons and Voss (1998) for an alternative view of the status of affinis . Also see Hood and Pitocchelli (1983). Appears to include more than one species, see Lewis-Oritt et al. (2001) and Pavan et al. (2012). See Gardner (2007) for a discussion of the synonym ruber .	Noctilio albiventris	1004870	23	Lesser Bulldog Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Noctilionidae	NA	NA	Noctilio	NA	albiventris	Desmarest	1818	0						"l'Amérique méridionale." Restricted by A. Cabrera in 1958 to Rio São Francisco, Bahia, Brazil.			albiventris Desmarest, 1818|albiventer Desmarest, 1820|albiventer Spix, 1823|affinis d'Orbigny, 1837|zaparo Cabrera, 1907|minor Osgood, 1910|irex (O. Thomas, 1920)|cabrerai W. B. Davis, 1976	NA	NA				Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|Honduras|El Salvador|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Ecuador|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia|Paraguay|Argentina	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Noctilio_albiventris	0	sciname match	Noctilio_albiventris	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Noctilio_albiventris	1004870	23	Lesser Bulldog Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Noctilionidae	NA	NA	Noctilio	NA	albiventris	A. G. Desmarest	0	Noctilio albiventris	Desmarest, A.G. 1818. NOCTILION ou BEC DE LIÈVRE, _Noctilio_. Pp. 14–16 in Société de naturalistes et d'agriculteurs. (eds.). Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle. Nouvelle Édition. Tome XXIII. Deterville, Paris, 612 pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18039561				"l'Amérique méridionale." Restricted by A. Cabrera in 1958 to Rio São Francisco, Bahia, Brazil.			likely represents a species complex; includes minor, which may represent a distinct species based on molecular data	Ospina-Garcés, S. M., & Leon-Paniagua, L. (2022). The influence of geography in the cranial diversification of the bulldog bats of the genus Noctilio (Noctilionidae: Chiroptera). Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 22(4), 1099-1121.				Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|Honduras|El Salvador|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Ecuador|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia|Paraguay|Argentina	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Noctilio_albiventris	0	sciname match	Noctilio_albiventris	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Noctilionidae	Noctilio	Dirias	albiventris	Desmarest	1818	0	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat	Nouv. ed., 23: 15	Lesser Bulldog Bat	albiventer Spix, 1823; irex Thomas, 1920; leporinus Gervais, 1856 [not Linnaeus, 1758]; ruber Rengger, 1830; affinis D&#39;Orbigny, 1835;  zaparo Cabrera, 1907; cabrerai Davis, 1976; minor Osgood, 1910	Brazil, Bahia, Rio Sao Francisco	Chiapas (Mexico) to Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, and N Argentina	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14829/22019978/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Subgenus Dirias. Formerly referred to as labialis; see Davis (1976). See Pavan et al. (2012) and Vilamiu et al. (2010) for a discussion of subspecies, but see Simmons and Voss (1998) for an alternative view of the status of affinis. Also see Hood and Pitocchelli (1983). May include more than one species, see Lewis-Oritt et al. (2001), Pavan et al. (2013), and Ospina-Garcés and León-Paniagua (2022); but see Khan et al. (2013) for a different view. Although Ospina-Garcés and León-Paniagua (2022) recognized minor as a distinct species, we continue to include minor as subspecies of albiventris pending further investigation. See Gardner (2007) for a discussion of the synonym ruber.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Noctilio albiventris; Noctilio albiventris; Noctilio albiventris; Noctilio albiventris; Noctilio albiventris; Noctilio albiventris; albiventris; cabrerai; minor; affinis; albiventer; irex; leporinus; ruber; zaparo; albiventris; affinis; cabrerai; minor; affinis; cabrerai; minor; albiventer; irex; leporinus; ruber; affinis - zaparo; albiventris; albiventer; albiventer; affinis; zaparo; minor; irex; cabrerai; Petit Noctilion; Kleines Hasenmaul; Noctilio pequeno; Lesser Bulldog Bat; Lesser Bulldog Bat; Lesser Bulldog Bat; N. albiventris