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(1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1017	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Eptesicus zuluensis	Eptesicus somalicus [synonym of]	Pipistrellus somalica [synonym of]	Eptesicus somalicus [synonym of]	Pipistrellus somalica zuluensis	Neoromicia zuluensis	Neoromicia zuluensis	Neoromicia zuluensis	Neoromicia zuluensis	Neoromicia zuluensis	Neoromicia zuluensis	Neoromicia zuluensis	Neoromicia zuluensis	Neoromicia zuluensis	Neoromicia zuluensis		[MSW3] Often included in somalicus (e.g., Koopman, 1975, 1993, 1994), but apparently distinct; see Peterson et al. (1995).; [HMW] Eptesicus zuluensis Roberts, 1924 , White Umfolosi Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal , South Africa . Treated in Nycterikaupius by H. Menu in 1987. Often included in N. somalica , but separated by I. LL. Rautenbach and colleagues in 1993, based on chromosomal differences. Populations of north-eastern Botswana , northern Namibia , and perhaps Angola may represent a valid subspecies, vansoni. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Previously included in Neoromicia ; see Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2003); Roehers et al. (2010) and Amador et al. (2016). Often included in somalicus (e.g., Koopman, 1975, 1993, 1994), but apparently distinct; see Peterson et al. (1995). Fasel et al. (2020) present a key to separating males of this species from closely related genera in S Africa based on characters of the penis.; [IUCN] Referred to as Pipistrellus zuluensis by Happold et al. (2013), but classified as Neoromicia zuluensis by Kearney et al. (2002) and Simmons (2005). This species is closely related to Neoromicia somalica (Thomas 1901), and although previous authors have considered these species conspecific (Meester et al. 1986), recent interspecific chromosomal data recommends that zuluensis is specifically distinct from somalicus (Rautenbach et al. 1993).; [batnames2023] Previously included in Neoromicia ; see Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2003); Roehers et al. (2010) and Amador et al. (2016). Often included in somalicus (e.g., Koopman, 1975, 1993, 1994), but apparently distinct; see Peterson et al. (1995). Fasel et al. (2020) present a key to separating males of this species from closely related genera in S Africa based on characters of the penis.; [batnames2025_1.7] Previously included in Neoromicia; see Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2003); Roehers et al. (2010) and Amador et al. (2016). Often included in somalicus (e.g., Koopman, 1975, 1993, 1994), but apparently distinct; see Peterson et al. (1995). Fasel et al. (2020) present a key to separating males of this species from closely related genera in S Africa based on characters of the penis.									vansoni			zuluensis 	zuluensis - vansoni 	zuluensis	Referred to as Pipistrellus zuluensis by Happold et al. (2013), but classified as Neoromicia zuluensis by Kearney et al. (2002) and Simmons (2005). This species is closely related to Neoromicia somalica (Thomas 1901), and although previous authors have considered these species conspecific (Meester et al. 1986), recent interspecific chromosomal data recommends that zuluensis is specifically distinct from somalicus (Rautenbach et al. 1993).	zuluensis 	zuluensis - vansoni 	zuluensis	zuluensis, vansoni	zuluensis 	zuluensis - vansoni	zuluensis (A. Roberts, 1924)|vansoni A. Roberts, 1932		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Aloe bat	Namibia, Zambia – S Africa		N/A																																								NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Vespertilionini	Neoromicia zuluensis	Neoromicia		zuluensis	Roberts	y	1924		Ann. Transv. Mus.	15		15		Zulu Serotine	South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal Prov., Zululand, White Umfolosi Game Reserve.	Namibia, Botswana, Zambia, Natal, Malawi, N South Africa; also known from Kenya, Ethiopia, and Sudan (V. Van Cakenberghe, pers. comm.).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt) as Eptesicus zuluensis.	vansoni Roberts, 1932.	Often included in somalicus (e.g., Koopman, 1975, 1993, 1994), but apparently distinct; see Peterson et al. (1995).	4C3D87E8FFC56A7BFA5692961A9CB9B0	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	820	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FFC56A7BFA5692961A9CB9B0.xml	Neoromicia zuluensis	Vespertilionidae	Neoromicia	zuluensis		1924	Vespére zouloue @fr | Zulu-Zwergfledermaus @de | Neoromicia zuluense @es | Aloe Bat @en | Aloe Serotine @en | Aloe Serotine Bat @en | Zulu Pipistrelle Bat @en | Zulu Serotine Bat @en	Eptesicus zuluensis Roberts, 1924 , White Umfolosi Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal , South Africa . Treated in Nycterikaupius by H. Menu in 1987. Often included in N. somalica , but separated by I. LL. Rautenbach and colleagues in 1993, based on chromosomal differences. Populations of north-eastern Botswana , northern Namibia , and perhaps Angola may represent a valid subspecies, vansoni. Monotypic.	Widespread but disjunct in E & S Africa: Ethiopia , South Sudan , Uganda , and Kenya ; C Angola , extreme S DR Congo , and Zambia S to S South Africa .	Head-body ¢.40-45 mm, tail 27-40 mm, ear 7-11 mm, hindfoot 5-8 mm, forearm 27-33 mm; weight 3-6 g. Pelage of the Zulu Serotineis soft, dense, and without sheen; dorsally medium brown, sometimes paler on rump, and sometimes slightly tinged orange (hairs blackish brown, sometimes with paler middle, and medium to pale brown tip; mid-dorsal hairs 6-7 mm long); ventrally paler and grayer (hairs very dark gray with pale grayish brown or gray tip). Wings are dark brown, slightly translucent, mostly without white hind border; interfemoral membrane dark brown, slightly translucent. Ears are brown,relatively short, and subtriangular with rounded tip; tragus is about one-half ear length; anterior margin smoothly concave, posterior margin smoothly convex, but with shallow rounded angle below mid-height, and with basal lobe prominent, folded, and triangular. Eyes are very small. Skull is small in comparison with other African pipistrelle-like bats (greatest skull lengths 11-3-12-9 mm); braincase is comparatively high and narrow, interorbital region quite narrow, rostrum fairly short and narrow; profile of forehead is weakly to moderately concave, and sometimes raised; braincase has no occipital helmet and is smoothly rounded posteriorly. I? is large, usually unicuspid, but sometimes bicuspid; I’ is one-half height of I?, and higher than cingulum of I? but lower than secondary cusp, if present; P* is almost always absent, butif present, minute and hardly visible above gum; lower molars are myotodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 28 and FNa = 50 (sometimes erroneously given as 48).	Semi-desert grassland and shrubland, Acacia ( Fabaceae )— Commiphora ( Burseraceae ) deciduous bushland, and thicket vegetation zones in Kenya , Ethiopia , and South Sudan . Woodland savanna (including miombo woodland), and drier shrublands and bushlands in the south-west arid zone of south-central Africa and southern Africa. Elevational range is 500-2650 m.	The Zulu Serotine forages by slow hawking in moderateto highclutter spaces, including near tree canopies, glades in woodland, open spaces between tree trunks and lower branches, and clearings around buildings. Diet includes moths and beetles. A captive fed on winged termites, and drank water irregularly.	At 15° S in Malawi , one adult female was pregnant with two embryos in October, one was lactating in November, and in February one was post-lactating while another was reproductively inactive. A juvenile was caught in December and two subadults were recorded in April. Two males with abdominal testes were recorded in November and December, and one with scrotal testes in June. These data suggest restricted seasonal monoestry with births in the beginning of the wet season.	Flight speed is moderate and maneuverability high, with aspect ratio low and wing loading very low; the species can take off from the ground. In Malawi , at 20-21°C, the Zulu Serotine becomes torpid during the day. In Malawi , from two tethered bats, search-phase call shape in cluttered environment was steep FM/QCF with QCF “heels” short to long; intensity high, start frequency up to 79 kHz, end frequencies and peak frequencies 48-50 kHz, and maximum duration 5-5 milliseconds. Of several studies in South Africa , one (Waterberg) gave maximum frequencies of 59-1-92-8kHz, minimum frequencies 45-7-50-5 kHz, frequencies of the knee 48-4— 55-8 kHz, characteristic frequencies 46-3-51-2 kHz, and durations 1-7-3 milliseconds.	No information.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.	ACR (2017) | Fenton & Bogdanowicz (2002) | Happold et al. (2013) | Hill & Harrison (1987) | Menu (1987) | Kearney etal. (2002) | Koopman (1993, 1994) | Linden et al. (2014) | Menu (1987) | Monadjem, Shapiro et al. (2017) | Rautenbach et al. (1993) | Taylor, Monadjem & Steyn (2013) | Taylor, Sowler et al. (2013)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398031/files/figure.png	123. Zulu Serotine Neoromicia zuluensis French: Vespére zouloue / German: Zulu-Zwergfledermaus / Spanish: Neoromicia zuluense Other common names: Aloe Bat , Aloe Serotine , Aloe Serotine Bat , Zulu Pipistrelle Bat , Zulu Serotine Bat Taxonomy. Eptesicus zuluensis Roberts, 1924 , White Umfolosi Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal , South Africa . Treated in Nycterikaupius by H. Menu in 1987. Often included in N. somalica , but separated by I. LL. Rautenbach and colleagues in 1993, based on chromosomal differences. Populations of north-eastern Botswana , northern Namibia , and perhaps Angola may represent a valid subspecies, vansoni. Monotypic. Distribution. Widespread but disjunct in E & S Africa: Ethiopia , South Sudan , Uganda , and Kenya ; C Angola , extreme S DR Congo , and Zambia S to S South Africa . Descriptive notes. Head-body ¢.40-45 mm, tail 27-40 mm, ear 7-11 mm, hindfoot 5-8 mm, forearm 27-33 mm; weight 3-6 g. Pelage of the Zulu Serotineis soft, dense, and without sheen; dorsally medium brown, sometimes paler on rump, and sometimes slightly tinged orange (hairs blackish brown, sometimes with paler middle, and medium to pale brown tip; mid-dorsal hairs 6-7 mm long); ventrally paler and grayer (hairs very dark gray with pale grayish brown or gray tip). Wings are dark brown, slightly translucent, mostly without white hind border; interfemoral membrane dark brown, slightly translucent. Ears are brown,relatively short, and subtriangular with rounded tip; tragus is about one-half ear length; anterior margin smoothly concave, posterior margin smoothly convex, but with shallow rounded angle below mid-height, and with basal lobe prominent, folded, and triangular. Eyes are very small. Skull is small in comparison with other African pipistrelle-like bats (greatest skull lengths 11-3-12-9 mm); braincase is comparatively high and narrow, interorbital region quite narrow, rostrum fairly short and narrow; profile of forehead is weakly to moderately concave, and sometimes raised; braincase has no occipital helmet and is smoothly rounded posteriorly. I? is large, usually unicuspid, but sometimes bicuspid; I’ is one-half height of I?, and higher than cingulum of I? but lower than secondary cusp, if present; P* is almost always absent, butif present, minute and hardly visible above gum; lower molars are myotodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 28 and FNa = 50 (sometimes erroneously given as 48). Habitat. Semi-desert grassland and shrubland, Acacia ( Fabaceae )— Commiphora ( Burseraceae ) deciduous bushland, and thicket vegetation zones in Kenya , Ethiopia , and South Sudan . Woodland savanna (including miombo woodland), and drier shrublands and bushlands in the south-west arid zone of south-central Africa and southern Africa. Elevational range is 500-2650 m. Food and Feeding. The Zulu Serotine forages by slow hawking in moderateto highclutter spaces, including near tree canopies, glades in woodland, open spaces between tree trunks and lower branches, and clearings around buildings. Diet includes moths and beetles. A captive fed on winged termites, and drank water irregularly. Breeding. At 15° S in Malawi , one adult female was pregnant with two embryos in October, one was lactating in November, and in February one was post-lactating while another was reproductively inactive. A juvenile was caught in December and two subadults were recorded in April. Two males with abdominal testes were recorded in November and December, and one with scrotal testes in June. These data suggest restricted seasonal monoestry with births in the beginning of the wet season. Activity patterns. Flight speed is moderate and maneuverability high, with aspect ratio low and wing loading very low; the species can take off from the ground. In Malawi , at 20-21°C, the Zulu Serotine becomes torpid during the day. In Malawi , from two tethered bats, search-phase call shape in cluttered environment was steep FM/QCF with QCF “heels” short to long; intensity high, start frequency up to 79 kHz, end frequencies and peak frequencies 48-50 kHz, and maximum duration 5-5 milliseconds. Of several studies in South Africa , one (Waterberg) gave maximum frequencies of 59-1-92-8kHz, minimum frequencies 45-7-50-5 kHz, frequencies of the knee 48-4— 55-8 kHz, characteristic frequencies 46-3-51-2 kHz, and durations 1-7-3 milliseconds. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Bibliography. ACR (2017), Fenton & Bogdanowicz (2002), Happold et al. (2013), Hill & Harrison (1987), Menu (1987), Kearney etal. (2002), Koopman (1993, 1994), Linden et al. (2014), Menu (1987), Monadjem, Shapiro et al. (2017), Rautenbach et al. (1993), Taylor, Monadjem & Steyn (2013), Taylor, Sowler et al. (2013).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Neoromicia zuluensis	Neoromicia		zuluensis	Roberts	1924	1	Ann. Transv. Mus.	15:15	Zulu Serotine	 vansoni Roberts, 1932.	South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal Prov., Zululand, White Umfolosi Game Reserve.	Namibia, Botswana, Zambia, Natal, Malawi, N South Africa; also known from Kenya, Ethiopia, and Sudan (V. Van Cakenberghe, pers. comm.).	Not listed.	Least Concern	Previously included in Neoromicia ; see Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2003); Roehers et al. (2010) and Amador et al. (2016). Often included in somalicus (e.g., Koopman, 1975, 1993, 1994), but apparently distinct; see Peterson et al. (1995). Fasel et al. (2020) present a key to separating males of this species from closely related genera in S Africa based on characters of the penis.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Neoromicia zuluensis	23	Zulu Serotine	Aloe Bat|Aloe Serotine|Zulu Pipistrelle Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	VESPERTILIONINI	Neoromicia	NA	zuluensis	Roberts	1924	1	Eptesicus_zuluensis	Roberts, A. (1924). Some additions to the list of South African mammals. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 10(2), 60.	https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_727	TM 3024		White Umfolosi Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.			zuluensis (Roberts, 1924)	NA	NA	Ethiopia|South Sudan|Uganda|Kenya|Angola|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Malawi|Zambia|Namibia|Botswana|Zimbabwe|Mozambique|South Africa|Eswatini|Lesotho	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Neoromicia_zuluensis	0	sciname match	Neoromicia_zuluensis	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	44927	Neoromicia zuluensis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Neoromicia	zuluensis	(Roberts, 1924)	Referred to as Pipistrellus zuluensis by Happold et al. (2013), but classified as Neoromicia zuluensis by Kearney et al. (2002) and Simmons (2005). This species is closely related to Neoromicia somalica (Thomas 1901), and although previous authors have considered these species conspecific (Meester et al. 1986), recent interspecific chromosomal data recommends that zuluensis is specifically distinct from somalicus (Rautenbach et al. 1993).	20000000	Neoromicia zuluensis	Least Concern		2017	2016-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category	Populations of this bat have been recorded from dry and moist savanna, savanna woodland, lowveld and into more arid areas where surface water is available.	There appear to be no major threats to this species as a whole.	In general, this is a locally uncommon species.	Unknown	This species is widespread in East and southern Africa. The eastern distribution ranges from Ethiopia and south Sudan to Uganda and Kenya. The southern range extends from Zambia and southern parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to southern South Africa, and from eastern Angola to central Zambia and Zimbabwe.		Terrestrial	It seems probable that this adaptable species is present within a number of protected areas. It has been recorded from Kruger National Park, South Africa. No direct conservation measures are currently needed for the species as a whole.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Neoromicia		zuluensis	Roberts	1924	1	Ann. Transv. Mus.	10(2): 60, fig. 1	Zulu Serotine	 vansoni Roberts, 1932.	South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal Prov., Zululand, White Umfolosi Game Reserve.	Namibia, Botswana, Zambia, Natal, Malawi, N South Africa; also known from Kenya, Ethiopia, and Sudan (V. Van Cakenberghe, pers. comm.).	Not listed.	Least Concern	Previously included in Neoromicia ; see Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2003); Roehers et al. (2010) and Amador et al. (2016). Often included in somalicus (e.g., Koopman, 1975, 1993, 1994), but apparently distinct; see Peterson et al. (1995). Fasel et al. (2020) present a key to separating males of this species from closely related genera in S Africa based on characters of the penis.	Neoromicia zuluensis	1005745	23	Zulu Serotine	Aloe Bat|Aloe Serotine|Zulu Pipistrelle Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	VESPERTILIONINI	Neoromicia	NA	zuluensis	Roberts	1924	1	Eptesicus_zuluensis	Roberts, A. (1924). Some additions to the list of South African mammals. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 10(2), 60.	https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_727	TM 3024		White Umfolosi Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.			zuluensis (Roberts, 1924)	NA	NA				Ethiopia|South Sudan|Uganda|Kenya|Angola|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Malawi|Zambia|Namibia|Botswana|Zimbabwe|Mozambique|South Africa|Eswatini|Lesotho	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Neoromicia_zuluensis	0	sciname match	Neoromicia_zuluensis	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Neoromicia_zuluensis	1005745	23	Zulu Serotine	Aloe Bat|Aloe Serotine|Zulu Pipistrelle Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Vespertilionini	Neoromicia	NA	zuluensis	A. Roberts	1	Eptesicus zuluensis	Roberts, A. 1924-01-31. Some additions to the list of South African mammals. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 10(2):59-76.	https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00411752_727	TM 3024	holotype		White Umfolosi Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.			NA	NA				Ethiopia|South Sudan|Uganda|Kenya|Angola|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Malawi|Zambia|Namibia|Botswana|Zimbabwe|Mozambique|South Africa|Eswatini|Lesotho	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Neoromicia_zuluensis	0	sciname match	Neoromicia_zuluensis	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Neoromicia		zuluensis	Roberts	1924	1	Ann. Transv. Mus.	10(2): 60, fig. 1	Zulu Serotine	vansoni Roberts, 1932.	South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal Prov., Zululand, White Umfolosi Game Reserve.	Namibia, Botswana, Zambia, Natal, Malawi, N South Africa; also known from Kenya, Ethiopia, and Sudan (V. Van Cakenberghe, pers. comm.).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/44927/22047251/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Previously included in Neoromicia; see Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2003); Roehers et al. (2010) and Amador et al. (2016). Often included in somalicus (e.g., Koopman, 1975, 1993, 1994), but apparently distinct; see Peterson et al. (1995). Fasel et al. (2020) present a key to separating males of this species from closely related genera in S Africa based on characters of the penis.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Neoromicia zuluensis; Neoromicia zuluensis; Neoromicia zuluensis; Neoromicia zuluensis; Neoromicia zuluensis; Neoromicia zuluensis; vansoni; vansoni; zuluensis; Vespére zouloue; Zulu-Zwergfledermaus; Neoromicia zuluense; Aloe Bat; Aloe Serotine; Aloe Serotine Bat; Zulu Pipistrelle Bat; Zulu Serotine Bat; Zulu Serotine; Aloe Bat; Aloe Serotine; Zulu Pipistrelle Bat; Zulu Serotine; Zulu Serotine; N. zuluensis